2009
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.12.038
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Abstract: Summary The mutagenic activity of transposable elements (TEs) is suppressed by epigenetic silencing and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), especially in gametes that would transmit transposed elements to the next generation. In pollen from the model plant Arabidopsis, we show that TEs are unexpectedly reactivated and transpose, but only in the pollen vegetative nucleus, which accompanies the sperm cells but does not provide DNA to the fertilized zygote. TE expression coincides with down-regulation of the heteroc… Show more

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Cited by 907 publications
(1,082 citation statements)
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References 65 publications
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“…In fact, previous reports refer that the 24-nt sRNAs is the predominant size class, for instance in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicothiana benthamiana, Solano lycopersicum, Oriza sativa and Olea europea (Morin et al 2008;Pantaleo et al 2010;Donaire et al 2011;Kasschau et al 2007), while the 21-nt class is more abundant in species such as Eschscholzia californica, Hordeum vulgare, Vitis vinifera, Pinus contorta and Panax gynseng (Pantaleo et al 2010;Morin et al 2008;Schreiber et al 2011;Barakat et al 2007). The tissue-dependent variation in the pools of 24 and 21-nt classes has also been observed in other plant species (Pantaleo et al 2010) and, in a few cases, striking variation has been detected (Slotkin et al 2009) reflecting the sRNA biogenesis pathways operating in such tissues. The determined level of non-redundancy further showed that in both cork oak tissue types the 21-nt class is less diverse than the 24-nt class, which is in agreement with previous reports in other species Martínez et al 2011;Pantaleo et al 2010;Rajagopalan et al 2006).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 64%
“…In fact, previous reports refer that the 24-nt sRNAs is the predominant size class, for instance in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicothiana benthamiana, Solano lycopersicum, Oriza sativa and Olea europea (Morin et al 2008;Pantaleo et al 2010;Donaire et al 2011;Kasschau et al 2007), while the 21-nt class is more abundant in species such as Eschscholzia californica, Hordeum vulgare, Vitis vinifera, Pinus contorta and Panax gynseng (Pantaleo et al 2010;Morin et al 2008;Schreiber et al 2011;Barakat et al 2007). The tissue-dependent variation in the pools of 24 and 21-nt classes has also been observed in other plant species (Pantaleo et al 2010) and, in a few cases, striking variation has been detected (Slotkin et al 2009) reflecting the sRNA biogenesis pathways operating in such tissues. The determined level of non-redundancy further showed that in both cork oak tissue types the 21-nt class is less diverse than the 24-nt class, which is in agreement with previous reports in other species Martínez et al 2011;Pantaleo et al 2010;Rajagopalan et al 2006).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 64%
“…Instead, perpetuation of CHH methylation is effected mainly by RdDM (Figure 1b), with the DNA MTase DRM2 (and, in some instances, CMT3) ensuring its re-establishment after each round of replication (Cao and Jacobsen, 2002a). Consistent with this, small RNAs deep sequencing data indicate that a large fraction of methylated repeat elements are characterized by an abundance of matching 24-nt siRNAs throughout development (Kasschau et al, 2007;Lister et al, 2008;Mosher et al, 2009;Slotkin et al, 2009). However, in contrast to the maintenance activity of MET1, which typically results in over 80% methylation at any given CG site (Cokus et al, 2008;Lister et al, 2008), the action of RdDM at CHH sites rarely leads to more than 40% methylation.…”
Section: Dna Methylation Maintenance Mechanismsmentioning
confidence: 67%
“…Thus, CG methylation is nearly unchanged in RdDM mutants, and significant amounts of CHH methylation and 24-nt siRNAs persist in ddm1 and met1 mutant plants Mathieu et al, 2007;Lister et al, 2008;Blevins et al, 2009;Slotkin et al, 2009;Teixeira et al, 2009). However, both decreases and increases in siRNA abundance are observed in ddm1 and met1, presumably as a result of the widespread transcriptional reactivation of TEs which occurs in these two mutant backgrounds (Lippman et Unexpectedly, genetic evidence indicates a clear relationship between the DNA demethylation pathway and RdDM.…”
Section: Interplay Between Dna Methylation and Demethylation Mechanismsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interestingly, many endosperm imprinted genes are also expressed in pollen [6,22]. This likely reflects expression in the vegetative nucleus, consistent with the loss of methylation in that cell [23].…”
Section: Dna Methylationmentioning
confidence: 58%