Epigallocatechin Gallate/Layered Double Hydroxide Nanohybrids: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Anti-Tumor Study

Abstract

In recent years, nanotechnology in merging with biotechnology has been employed in the area of cancer management to overcome the challenges of chemopreventive strategies in order to gain promising results. Since most biological processes occur in nano scale, nanoparticles can act as carriers of certain drugs or agents to deliver it to specific cells or targets. In this study, we intercalated Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, into Ca/Al-NO3 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles, and evaluated its efficacy compared to EGCG alone on PC3 cell line. The EGCG loaded LDH nanohybrids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanosizer analyses. The anticancer activity of the EGCG-loaded LDH was investigated in prostate cancer cell line (PC3) while the release behavior of EGCG from LDH was observed at pH 7.45 and 4.25. Besides enhancing of apoptotic activity of EGCG, the results showed that intercalation of EGCG into LDH can improve the anti- tumor activity of EGCG over 5-fold dose advantages in in-vitro system. Subsequently, the in-vitro release data showed that EGCG-loaded LDH had longer release duration compared to physical mixture, and the mechanism of diffusion through the particle was rate-limiting step. Acidic attack was responsible for faster release of EGCG molecules from LDH at pH of 4.25 compared to pH of 7.4. The results showed that Ca/Al-LDH nanoparticles could be considered as an effective inorganic host matrix for the delivery of EGCG to PC3 cells with controlled release properties.

Antioxidant Materials Based on 2D Nanostructures: A Review on Recent Progresses

“…The prolonged release (10 h) from the carrier meant that the protective effect could be maintained for longer time frames. Similar multi-hour release kinetics was measured for two of the most known antioxidant, ascorbic acid (from MgAl-, MgFe- [160] and CaAl-LDH host [161]) and epigallocatechin gallate (from CaAl-LDH [162]).…”

EGCG Mediated Targeting of Deregulated Signaling Pathways and Non-Coding RNAs in Different Cancers: Focus on JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-Catenin, TGF/SMAD, NOTCH, SHH/GLI, and TRAIL Mediated Signaling Pathways

“…The majority of the NPs are designed to be at the range of approximately 200 nm since this size allows the administration of the NPs by the oral and intravenous routes. Other types of NPs were also used for the encapsulation of EGCG for the purpose of cancer therapy, including carbohydrates, transition metals, and inorganic materials [80][81][82]. The use of targeting ligands further increased cancer cell specificity and improved the anti-tumor effects of EGCG and, for that reason, folic acid has been used frequently to functionalize the NPs, since the folic acid receptor is overexpressed in tumor cells.…”

Recent Advances in Anticancer Activities and Drug Delivery Systems of Tannins

“…Initially, EGCG was encapsulated into gelatin nanoparticles and casein micelles to obtain higher bioavailability and equivalent cytotoxicity compared to free EGCG. With the development of nanotechnology, an augmented anticancer effect of EGCG was achieved by fabricating EGCG‐loaded nanogold complex, oil‐in‐water submicrometer emulsions and chitosan‐coated nanoliposomes, Ca/Al‐NO 3 layered double hydroxide nanoparticles, and lipid nanoparticles, which also improved the stability and bioavailability of EGCG. Furthermore, EGCG was used as an MMP inhibitor to combine with anticancer drug paclitaxel in the form of liposomes (PTX/EGCG liposomes) that were prepared by thin film hydration technique showing average diameter of 130.5 ± 3.2 nm, zeta potential of –36.77 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 77.11 ± 2.30 and 59.11 ± 3.51% for PTX and EGCG, respectively.…”