“…Recent reports demonstrate increasing concern at the genotoxic activities of cannabinoids expressed as congenital anomalies, cancer and aging [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Recent epidemiological teratological reports have causally linked cannabis exposure with cardiovascular, chromosomal, central nervous system, limb, gastrointestinal, orofacial and body wall congenital anomalies [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 12 , 15 , 18 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. A prominent part of cannabis teratology is uronephrological (urinary tract and renal) congenital anomalies (UCA’s) which have featured in reports of elevated rates of renal agenesis in Colorado [ 13 ], obstructive genitourinary defect in Hawaii [ 19 ], congenital posterior urethral valve, obstructive genitourinary defect, renal agenesis/hypoplasia, hypospadias and epispadias in USA [ 7 ] and hypospadias in Australia [ 8 ].…”