1992
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/166.5.1124
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Abstract: Epidemiologic aspects of the relationship between infection with Leishmania chagasi and development of clinical visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were studied in all children < 11 years old in a defined, endemic, rural area of the state of Ceará in northeast Brazil. Antileishmanial antibodies were measured in the same subjects by ELISA on six occasions between May 1987 and August 1989. Seroconversion was documented during this period in 108 children, with a cumulative annual incidence of 4.6%. Twelve (11.1%) of thes… Show more

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Cited by 173 publications
(158 citation statements)
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“…The rates of infection among humans were much higher than those observed in other surveys in the North and Northeast Regions of Brazil, such as in the states of Ceará (prevalence of 4.5%) and Pará (3.4%), but similar to those recorded in the states of Piauí (13.9%) and BA (16.1%). The rates in this study were also higher than what was previously seen in a different area of the state of MA (17.5%) (Badaró et al 1986a, Evans et al 1992, Werneck et al 2002, Nascimento et al 2005, Rosas Filho & Silveira 2007. Such differences might reflect not only variations in the magnitude of transmission between these areas but also differences in the diagnostic methods used and the age distribution within the studied population.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 63%
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“…The rates of infection among humans were much higher than those observed in other surveys in the North and Northeast Regions of Brazil, such as in the states of Ceará (prevalence of 4.5%) and Pará (3.4%), but similar to those recorded in the states of Piauí (13.9%) and BA (16.1%). The rates in this study were also higher than what was previously seen in a different area of the state of MA (17.5%) (Badaró et al 1986a, Evans et al 1992, Werneck et al 2002, Nascimento et al 2005, Rosas Filho & Silveira 2007. Such differences might reflect not only variations in the magnitude of transmission between these areas but also differences in the diagnostic methods used and the age distribution within the studied population.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 63%
“…On the American continent, VL is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania chagasi, which is transmitted to humans and other vertebrate hosts (e.g., dogs) through the bite of a female sandfly. Lutzomyia longipalpis is considered to be the main vector for VL in Brazil (Lainson & Rangel 2005).A high proportion of L. chagasi infected persons do not present any clinical symptoms of disease, even after a long incubation period (asymptomatic form) (Evans et al 1992, Romero et al 2009). Cohort studies in Brazil have described detection of asymptomatic seroconvertors with a sensitive and specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test using crude antigens from promastigotes (Badaró et al 1986a, c) Malnutrition is considered one of the most important factors associated with the development of clinical symptoms of leishmaniasis (Alvar et al 2006).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…DTH+ adults from a hyperendemic area near Itapipoca, CE, were selected as representative of people with strong protective immune responses against L. chagasi (Evans et al 1992). PBMC from five DTH+ adults (ages 16-64, mean = 33 years) with indurations of 17-25 mm measured 48 hr after intradermal injection of L. chagasi antigens were used to generate the DS-A and DS+A supernatants.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic [4][5][6] ; however, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) exhibits clinical and laboratory presentations that include a prolonged course of fever, pallor, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia 7 . With these classic manifestations, clinical presentations including bleeding and bacterial infections are present in the most severe forms of the disease and are associated with mortality 8 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%