Epidemiology of Malaria in Endemic Areas

Autino, Beatrice; Noris, Alice; Russo, R; Castelli, Francesco

doi:10.4084/mjhid.2012.060

Cited by 92 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…Although India accounted for 66% of confirmed cases of malaria in South East Asia region in 2010 but there was reduction of 28% of cases between 2000 and 2010 and it is considered that India is in the control phase of malaria 8,9. Severe malariamay be associated with various complications such as hypoglycaemia, acidosis, coma and rarely septicaemia and prevention of these complications require early confirmed diagnosis followed by adequate antimalarian treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Hematological Parameters as an Indicator of Acute Malarial Infection in Uttarakhand State of India

Chandra

2013

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

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BackgroundMalaria may be associated with complications which may be avoided by early diagnosis and treatment. Microscopic diagnosis showing presence of malarial parasites is needed for confirmation which at times may be unreliable and requires technical expertise. The present study was conducted to statistically analyze the haematological parameters including platelet indices which can give initial hint for malarial infection and therefore prompt the laboratory physician for active search of the parasite microscopically.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted which included 334 cases of acute malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax, falciparum and dual infection along with 100 cases of control. Routine haematological parameters along with platelet indices (MPV and PDW) which are easily available on automated cell counter were statistically analyzed to assess their role as indicators for malaria.ResultsLeukocyte count and platelet count were significantly lower in cases of acute malaria in comparison to controls (p value <0.001). Platelet count<150×109/l showed 87.2% sensitivity, 65% specificity, 89.3% positive predictive value and 2.49 likelihood ratio for the infection. PDW of 6–10 and MPV>8 fl had 71.9% and 61.5% sensitivity and 78.2% and 77.7% positive predictive value respectively for infection. Platelet count <150×109/l and MPV>8 fl was comparatively more sensitive indicator for vivax (88% and 70.8% respectively) than falciparum (84.8% and 50.4% respectively) and PDW 6–10 was more sensitive indicator for falciparum (82.6%) than vivax (69.5%) infection.ConclusionThrombocytopenia (<150×109/l) and low leukocyte count (<4×109/l) may be used as probable indicator for malaria in endemic countries. Higher MPV (>8 fl) and PDW of 6–10 also show considerable sensitivity for malarial infection. In addition, thrombocytopenia (<150×109/l) and higher MPV (>8 fl) was more sensitive for vivax infection while PDW 6–10 was more sensitive for falciparum infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Hematological Parameters as an Indicator of Acute Malarial Infection in Uttarakhand State of India

Chandra

2013

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

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“…Data emerging from WHO reports just estimate malaria incidence and mortality, reporting malarial cases and malarial death from the different WHO regions, collected by ministries of health of different countries. These data do not reflect the real incidence in the general population [2]. In Tunisia, we declare currently between 40 and 50 annual cases of imported malaria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Malaria in Tunisian Military Personnel after Returning from External Operation

Ajili

Battikh

Laabidi

et al. 2013

Malaria Research and Treatment

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Introduction. Malaria had been eliminated in Tunisia since 1979, but there are currently 40 to 50 imported cases annually. Soldiers are no exception as the incidence of imported malaria is increasing in Tunisian military personnel after returning from malaria-endemic area, often in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and biological presentations, treatment, and outcomes of 37 Tunisian military personnel hospitalized at the Department of Internal Medicine, the Military Hospital of Tunis, between January 1993 and January 2011, for imported malaria. The clinical and laboratory features were obtained from the medical records and a questionnaire was filled by the patients about the compliance of malaria prophylaxis. Results. Thirty-seven male patients, with a mean age of 41 years, were treated for malaria infection. Twenty-two were due to Plasmodium falciparum. The outcome was favourable for all patients, despite two severe access. The long-term use of chemoprophylaxis has been adopted by only 21 (51%) of expatriate military for daily stresses. Moreover, poor adherence was found in 32 patients. Conclusion. The risk of acquiring malaria infection in Tunisian military personnel can largely be prevented by the regular use of chemoprophylactic drugs combined with protective measures against mosquito bites.

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“…Five different Plasmodium species have been demonstrated to infect humans: Plasmodium falciparum , Plasmodium vivax , Plasmodium ovale , Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium knowlesi . Of these, P. falciparum is the most dangerous, with the highest rates of complications and mortality [1]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria epidemiological research in the Republic of Congo

Koukouikila-Koussounda

Ntoumi

2016

Malar J

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BackgroundReliable and comprehensive information on the burden of malaria is critical for guiding national and international efforts in malaria control. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of published data and available information on malaria resulting from field studies/investigations conducted in the Republic of Congo (RoC) from 1992 to 2015, as baseline for assisting public health authorities and researchers to define future research priorities as well as interventions.MethodsThis review considers data from peer-reviewed articles and information from the National Malaria Control Programme reports, based on field investigations or samples collected from 1992 to 2015. Peer-reviewed papers were searched throughout online bibliographic databases PubMed, HINARI and Google Scholar using the following terms: “malaria”, “Congo”, “Brazzaville”, “prevalence”, “antimalarial”, “efficacy”, “falciparum”, “genetic”, “diversity”. Original articles and reviews were included and selection of relevant papers was made.ResultsTwenty-eight published articles were included in this review and two additional records from the National Malaria Control Programme were also considered. The majority of studies were conducted in Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire.ConclusionThe present systematic review reveals that number of studies have been conducted in the RoC with regard to malaria. However, their results cannot formally be generalized at the country level. This suggests a need for implementing regular multisite investigations and surveys that may be representative of the country, calling for the support and lead of the Ministry of Health.

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Epidemiology of Malaria in Endemic Areas

Cited by 92 publications

References 68 publications

Role of Hematological Parameters as an Indicator of Acute Malarial Infection in Uttarakhand State of India

Role of Hematological Parameters as an Indicator of Acute Malarial Infection in Uttarakhand State of India

Malaria in Tunisian Military Personnel after Returning from External Operation

Malaria epidemiological research in the Republic of Congo

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