Epidemiology of Childhood Hyperthyroidism in France: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Simon, Marie; Rigou, A.; Moal, Joëlle Le; Zeghnoun, Abdelkrim; Tertre, Alain Le; Crouy-Chanel, Perrine de; Kaguelidou, Florentia; Léger, Juliane

doi:10.1210/jc.2018-00273

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The proportion of boys in this study does not differ significantly from the proportions found in previous studies [8, 10, 12, 18] and it did not change between the first and the second 10-year study periods.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

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The Incidence of Childhood Thyrotoxicosis Is Increasing in Both Girls and Boys in Sweden

et al. 2019

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Background: We found an increase in the incidence rate (IR) of childhood thyrotoxicosis (CT) during the 1990s in central Sweden. The optimal treatment method for CT is a subject that is still debated upon. Objectives: To investigate whether the increase in IR of CT in Sweden persists and to study the treatment outcome. Method: Children <16 years of age diagnosed with CT during 2000–2009 and living in 1 of 5 counties in central Sweden were identified retrospectively using hospital registers. Data on clinical and biochemical characteristics and outcomes of treatment were collected from medical records. The corresponding data from 1990 to 1999 were pooled with the new data. Results: In total, 113 children were diagnosed with CT during 1990–2009 in the study area. The overall IR was 2.2/100,000 person-years (95% CI 1.2–2.5/100,000 person-years). The IR was significantly higher during 2000–2009 than during 1990–1999 (2.8/100,000 [2.2–3.6] vs. 1.6/100,000 person-years [1.2–2.2], p = 0.006). The increase was significant for both sexes. Seventy percent of the patients who completed the planned initial treatment with antithyroid drugs (ATDs) and were not lost to follow-up relapsed within 3 years. Boys tended to relapse earlier than girls (6.0 months after drug withdrawal [95% CI 1.9–10.0] vs. 12.0 months [95% CI 6.8–17.3], p = 0.074). Conclusions: The IR of CT is increasing in both girls and boys. Relapse rate after withdrawal of ATD treatment is 70%. Boys tend to relapse earlier than girls, and this needs to be further investigated.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…They have shown an IR between 0.7 and 2.9/100,000 person-years in children <15 or 16 years of age in different European countries during 1982–2015 [13-18]. However, a much higher IR for Graves disease in children <15 years (6.5/100,000 person-years) during 1994–1998 has been reported in Hong Kong [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incidence of Childhood Thyrotoxicosis Is Increasing in Both Girls and Boys in Sweden

et al. 2019

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“…Such incidences were below 3 per 100,000 in Sweden ( 22 , 23 ), increasing over the years ( 23 ). In a French study, the number of cases of treated hyperthyroidism for Graves’ disease, due to Graves’ disease in 95% ( 18 ), also increased with age, being estimated at 7.89 per 100,000 among girls aged 10-14 years and 21.53 per 100,000 among girls aged 15-17 years ( 24 ). We found similar IR for thyroiditis of any type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Estimation of the Incidence of Thyroiditis Among Girls in Primary Care in Spain

Martín‐Merino¹,

Moreno-Juste²,

Castillo-Cano³

et al. 2021

Jcrpe

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Objective: As for other auto-immune processes, thyroiditis is monitored after vaccinations. The aim was to estimate the baseline incidence of thyroiditis among girls, before investigating papillomavirus vaccination as a potential risk factor. Methods: Observational cohort study including girls aged 9-18 years and registered between 2002-2016 in the Spanish Primary Care Database for Pharmacoepidemiological Research. Girls were followed until a thyroiditis occurred, 19 years of age, left the cohort, died, or the study ended. Anonymized records were reviewed for diagnosis confirmation (endocrine discharge letter and/or free-text comments) in a random sample. Incidence rate (IR) per 10 5 person years (/10 5 py) was estimated. Results: The cohort numbered 480,169 girls, of whom 641 had a record of thyroiditis: 346 autoimmune thyroiditis; 17 thyroiditis of other types; and 278 unspecified. Incidence of recorded thyroiditis increased with age, from 23.96 at age 9 years to 47.91 at age 14 years, and stabilized around 31.06-34.43 among girls aged 15-18 years. Of the 98 records reviewed, 60.2% were ‘confirmed’ cases, 32.7% ‘possible’ and 7.1% were discarded. After correction for discarded cases, IR=20.83 ‘confirmed’ cases, increasing to 32.12/10 5 py when ‘confirmed’ plus ‘possible’ cases were included. Between 2002-2005, incidences were lower (16.28 and 20.93 cases/10 5 py) than in the period 2007-2016 (21.17 and 33.78 cases/10 5 py) for ‘confirmed’ and ‘confirmed’ plus ‘possible’, respectively. Conclusion: Two-thirds of the recorded thyroiditis included confirmatory evidence. The incidence of thyroiditis among girls increased with age and in the later period, and remained stable among girls aged 15-18 years.

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“…In a whole American paediatric population, the disease occurs with a prevalence of 1:10,000, compared to 1:1000 in adults ( 6 ). The onset of GD usually occurs during adolescence, and girls are 3–4 times more frequently affected than boys (<4 years of age, there is no sex dependence/predominance) ( 7 ). The second most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism is autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), with its hyperthyroid phase termed hashitoxicosis.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperthyroidism in adolescents

Niedziela

2021

Endocrine Connections

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The term 'hyperthyroidism' refers to a form of thyrotoxicosis due to inappropriately high synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone(s) by the thyroid. The leading cause of hyperthyroidism in adolescents is Graves’ disease (GD); however, one should also consider other potential causes, such as toxic nodular goiter (single or multinodular) and other rare disorders leading to excessive production and release of thyroid hormones. The term 'thyrotoxicosis' refers to a clinical state resulting from inappropriately high thyroid hormone action in tissues, generally due to inappropriately high tissue thyroid hormone levels. Thyrotoxicosis is a condition with multiple aetiologies, manifestations, and potential modes of therapy. By definition, the extrathyroidal sources of excessive amounts of thyroid hormones, such as iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis, factitious ingestion of thyroid hormone, or struma ovarii, do not include hyperthyroidism. The aetiology of hyperthyroidism/and thyrotoxicosis should be determined. Although the diagnosis is apparent based on the clinical presentation and initial biochemical evaluation, additional diagnostic testing is indicated. This testing should include (1) measurement of TSHR antibodies (TRAb); (2) analysis of thyroidal echogenicity and blood flow on ultrasonography; or (3) determination of radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU). A 123I or 99mTc pertechnetate scan is recommended when the clinical presentation suggests toxic nodular goiter. Different treatment modalities might be preferred to achieve euthyroidism and to avoid potential risks from the treatment. The vast majority of patients with thyroid disorders require life-long treatment; therefore, the collaboration of different specialists is warranted to achieve these goals and improve patients’ quality of life.

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Epidemiology of Childhood Hyperthyroidism in France: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Abstract: These findings shed light on the incidence of hyperthyroidism and the impact of sex on this incidence during childhood and adolescence. The observed incidence was higher than expected from the results published for earlier studies in Northern European countries.

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

The Incidence of Childhood Thyrotoxicosis Is Increasing in Both Girls and Boys in Sweden

The Incidence of Childhood Thyrotoxicosis Is Increasing in Both Girls and Boys in Sweden

An Estimation of the Incidence of Thyroiditis Among Girls in Primary Care in Spain

Hyperthyroidism in adolescents

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