Epidemiology of Brazilian spotted fever in the Atlantic Forest, state of São Paulo, Brazil

Ogrzewalska, Maria; Saraiva, Danilo Gonçalves; Moraes‐Filho, Jonas; Martins, Thiago F.; Costa, Francisco Borges; Pintér, Adriano; Labruna, Marcelo Bahia

doi:10.1017/s0031182012000546

Cited by 128 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Few studies have analyzed the risk factors associated with BSF and the vectors involved in transmission in Brazil and elsewhere. However, the environmental context was shown to affect the presence of hosts and nymphs and adults forms of Amblyomma at the forest edges, and factors such as occupational activities, leisure, and age have also been identifi ed as risk factors for BSF (5) (10) (12) (13) . The study area was the Piracicaba river basin, which crosses the region of Campinas in the State of São Paulo.…”

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confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with the transmissionof Brazilian spotted fever in the Piracicaba river basin, State of São Paulo, Brazil

Souza

Pintér

Donalísio

2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is a disease transmitted by ticks for which the etiological agent is Rickettsia rickettsii. The present essay evaluates the risk factors associated with the transmission of cases of BSF in the time period between 2003 and 2013 in the Piracicaba river basin, state of São Paulo. Methods: This essay presents a retrospective study to identify the factors associated with the transmission of cases of BSF among all suspected cases identifi ed by the System for Epidemiological Surveillance of São Paulo (CVE). After the description of temporal distribution (onset of symptoms) and the environmental and demographic variations of the confi rmed and discarded cases, a multiple logistic regression model was applied. Results: We searched 569 probable locations of infection (PLI) with 210 (37%) confi rmed cases of BSF and 359 (63%) discarded cases. The associated variables for the confi rmation of BSF in the multiple logistic model using a confi dence interval (CI) of 95% were age (OR = 1.025 CI: 1.015-1.035), the presence of Amblyomma sculptum in the environment (OR = 1.629 CI: 1.097-2.439), the collection of ticks from horses (OR = 1.939 CI: 0.999-3.764), the presence of capybaras (OR = 1.467 CI: 1.009-2.138), an urban environment (OR = 1.515 CI: 1.036-2.231), and the existence of a dirty pasture (OR = 1.759 CI: 1.028-3.003). Conclusions: The factors associated with the confi rmation of BSF cases included an urban environment, age, presence of the A. sculptum vector, the collection of ticks from horses, the presence of a capybara population, and a dirty pasture environment.

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confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with the transmissionof Brazilian spotted fever in the Piracicaba river basin, State of São Paulo, Brazil

Souza

Pintér

Donalísio

2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Amblyomma aureolatum is considered the main vector of R. rickettsii in the São Paulo region (19) and has been reported to frequently parasitize dogs in counties (Nazaré Paulista and Mairiporã) close to the study region (20) . Moreover, based on the molecular characterization of R. rickettsii in R. sanguineus in Brazil, the possible risk of an active, or even an indirect, participation of R. sanguineusin the transmission of R. rickettsii to humans cannot be excluded (21) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Antibodies for Rickettsia spp. in patients with negative serology for dengue virus, leptospirosis, and meningococcal disease in municipalities of São Paulo State, Brazil

Prata

Souza

Angerami

et al. 2016

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Brazilian spotted fever is an infectious disease with a high mortality rate if not treated early. Differential diagnosis is difficult, as the first clinical signs are non-specific and can be confused with other diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate evidence of infection with Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia parkeri in negative sera samples, collected in 2014, from patients with suspected leptospirosis, dengue fever, and meningococcal disease in Atibaia and Bragança Paulista municipalities of the State of São Paulo. Methods: The samples stored at the Institute Adolfo Lutz in Campinas were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with IgG and IgM against R. rickettsii and R. parkeri. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was performed for the sera samples of patients who died (n = 3), those with initial suspicion of meningococcal disease (n = 6), and those with positive IFA results. Results: Of 258 samples from Bragança Paulista, 4 (1.6%) were positive, with IgG titers of 1:64 and 1:128 against R. rickettsii and R. parkeri, respectively. Of 155 samples from Atibaia, 2 (1.3%) were positive, with IgG titers of 1:64 and 1:128 against R. rickettsii and R. parkeri, respectively. No sample showed positive PCR results. Conclusions: This serological investigation suggests there is evidence of exposure to Rickettsia spp. in residents of areas that have environmental conditions favorable to the spread of bacteria, in which Brazilian spotted fever incidence was not previously confirmed.

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“…In the state of São Paulo, two species of ticks are implied in the transmission of Rickettsia rickettsii to humans, A. cajennense and A. aureolatum; the latter occurs in places where the Atlantic Forest prevails 7,46 , so it does not occur in the analyzed city, in which the Cerrado bioma. The identification of the vector species helps in understanding the specificities of its biological cycle and its relationship with the hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization of Brazilian spotted fever in a municipality of the southeastern region: epidemiology and spatial distribution

Nasser

Lana²,

Silva³

et al. 2015

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Introduction: Brazilian spotted fever is an emerging zoonosis notified mainly in the Southeast of Brazil, especially due to its high level of lethality. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and spatial pattern of the disease in the municipality of Valinhos (106,793 inhabitants), São Paulo, Southeastern region of Brazil, in the period between 2001 and 2012. Methods: All laboratory-confirmed cases with likely site of infection in the city (n = 49) notified in the Brazilian Case Registry Database were studied. Sites were geocoded using the cartographic base of the city and Google Earth (geographic coordinates) with correction according to the Brazilian Geodetic System. We used the Kernel estimator to analyze the density of the cases on the map. Land cover and distance to basins of all cases were analyzed. Information about tick species and primary hosts were obtained from reports of the Superintendence of Control of Endemic Diseases. Results: Seasonality of the disease was observed with the highest incidence from June to November, and in 2005 and 2011. The most affected groups were men (79.6%) aged 20-49 years old (49%). Lethality was found to be 42.9%. Maps showed the progressive registration of cases in the urban area. Capybaras were reported as the main primary host, and Amblyomma cajennense was identified in probable sites of infection during field investigation. The likely sites of infection were mostly located near basins, dirty pastures, and bordering woods. Conclusions: The transmission pattern of Brazilian spotted fever in Valinhos is similar to that in other cities in the region, where capybara is the main primary host and an amplifier of R. rickettsii. Over the years, a higher occurrence of cases has been identified in the urban area of the city.

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Epidemiology of Brazilian spotted fever in the Atlantic Forest, state of São Paulo, Brazil

Cited by 128 publications

References 47 publications

Risk factors associated with the transmissionof Brazilian spotted fever in the Piracicaba river basin, State of São Paulo, Brazil

Risk factors associated with the transmissionof Brazilian spotted fever in the Piracicaba river basin, State of São Paulo, Brazil

Antibodies for Rickettsia spp. in patients with negative serology for dengue virus, leptospirosis, and meningococcal disease in municipalities of São Paulo State, Brazil

Urbanization of Brazilian spotted fever in a municipality of the southeastern region: epidemiology and spatial distribution

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