Epidemiology and the web of causation: Has anyone seen the spider?

The role of contextual and individual factors on periodontal disease in Uruguayan adults

“…6 Because the proportion of houses with UBN is considered a structural indicator, which includes housing, minimum domestic household equipment, sanitation facilities, access to education, electricity, and clean drinking water, the conditions mentioned above might have been operating for a long time (especially in the elderly), affecting the general susceptibility to periodontitis. 24 Our finding is in accordance with the embodiment concept of the Eco social theory 25 and reinforces the need for understanding the role that contextual determinants play on health inequalities. The explanatory mechanism on the link between social determinants and periodontitis is diverse.…”

The role of contextual and individual factors on periodontal disease in Uruguayan adults

“…6 Because the proportion of houses with UBN is considered a structural indicator, which includes housing, minimum domestic household equipment, sanitation facilities, access to education, electricity, and clean drinking water, the conditions mentioned above might have been operating for a long time (especially in the elderly), affecting the general susceptibility to periodontitis. 24 Our finding is in accordance with the embodiment concept of the Eco social theory 25 and reinforces the need for understanding the role that contextual determinants play on health inequalities. The explanatory mechanism on the link between social determinants and periodontitis is diverse.…”

A systematic review of causal pathways of socioeconomic inequalities in stroke

“…Overall, inequalities were largely explained by mediators, rather than direct SES effects. 13 , 45 The significant NIE of cardiovascular risk factors is consistent with evidence on SES gradients in these conditions. 20 , 46 – 48 These pathways reflect how adverse living conditions (e.g.…”

Rethinking conceptual frameworks and models of health and natural environments

“…The findings of the research presented here confirm that although Kreiger (1994: 896) provided sound arguments for an “ecosocial metaphor” for epidemiology including “history and agency” nearly 25 years ago, her request has not been incorporated in the conceptual frameworks and models reviewed in this article. Indeed, the metaphor of the web of causation has often been replaced by a metaphor of pathways.…”

The role of contextual and individual factors on periodontal disease in Uruguayan adults

“…6 Because the proportion of houses with UBN is considered a structural indicator, which includes housing, minimum domestic household equipment, sanitation facilities, access to education, electricity, and clean drinking water, the conditions mentioned above might have been operating for a long time (especially in the elderly), affecting the general susceptibility to periodontitis. 24 Our finding is in accordance with the embodiment concept of the Eco social theory 25 and reinforces the need for understanding the role that contextual determinants play on health inequalities. The explanatory mechanism on the link between social determinants and periodontitis is diverse.…”

A systematic review of causal pathways of socioeconomic inequalities in stroke

“…Overall, inequalities were largely explained by mediators, rather than direct SES effects. 13 , 45 The significant NIE of cardiovascular risk factors is consistent with evidence on SES gradients in these conditions. 20 , 46 – 48 These pathways reflect how adverse living conditions (e.g.…”

Rethinking conceptual frameworks and models of health and natural environments

“…The findings of the research presented here confirm that although Kreiger (1994: 896) provided sound arguments for an “ecosocial metaphor” for epidemiology including “history and agency” nearly 25 years ago, her request has not been incorporated in the conceptual frameworks and models reviewed in this article. Indeed, the metaphor of the web of causation has often been replaced by a metaphor of pathways.…”

The role of contextual and individual factors on periodontal disease in Uruguayan adults

“…6 Because the proportion of houses with UBN is considered a structural indicator, which includes housing, minimum domestic household equipment, sanitation facilities, access to education, electricity, and clean drinking water, the conditions mentioned above might have been operating for a long time (especially in the elderly), affecting the general susceptibility to periodontitis. 24 Our finding is in accordance with the embodiment concept of the Eco social theory 25 and reinforces the need for understanding the role that contextual determinants play on health inequalities. The explanatory mechanism on the link between social determinants and periodontitis is diverse.…”

A systematic review of causal pathways of socioeconomic inequalities in stroke

“…Overall, inequalities were largely explained by mediators, rather than direct SES effects. 13 , 45 The significant NIE of cardiovascular risk factors is consistent with evidence on SES gradients in these conditions. 20 , 46 – 48 These pathways reflect how adverse living conditions (e.g.…”

Rethinking conceptual frameworks and models of health and natural environments

“…The findings of the research presented here confirm that although Kreiger (1994: 896) provided sound arguments for an “ecosocial metaphor” for epidemiology including “history and agency” nearly 25 years ago, her request has not been incorporated in the conceptual frameworks and models reviewed in this article. Indeed, the metaphor of the web of causation has often been replaced by a metaphor of pathways.…”