Epidemiological studies of radio frequency exposures and human cancer

Abstract

Epidemiological studies of radio frequency (RF) exposures and human cancers include studies of military and civilian occupational groups, people who live near television and radio transmitters, and users of mobile phones. Many types of cancer have been assessed, with particular attention given to leukemia and brain tumors. The epidemiological results fall short of the strength and consistency of evidence that is required to come to a conclusion that RF emissions are a cause of human cancer. Although the epidemiological evidence in total suggests no increased risk of cancer, the results cannot be unequivocally interpreted in terms of cause and effect. The results are inconsistent, and most studies are limited by lack of detail on actual exposures, short follow-up periods, and the limited ability to deal with other relevant factors. In some studies, there may be substantial biases in the data used. For these same reasons, the studies are unable to confidently exclude any possibility of an increased risk of cancer. Further research to clarify the situation is justified. Priorities include further studies of leukemia in both adults and children, and of cranial tumors in relationship to mobile phone use.

Monitoring the effects of mobile phone use on the brain by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

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Monitoring the effects of mobile phone use on the brain by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

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Mobile phones and health: A literature overview

“…This finding was attributed to a decreased incidence of smoking-related cancers in men resulting from a confounding effect of social class, i. e. compared to the general population, mobile phone users are less likely to smoke. No significantly increased risk was found for brain tumors or leukemia [25].…”

“…These observations, however, fall short in strength and consistency to be interpreted in terms of cause and effect. Due to the inconsistency with other studies, it seems likely that they have occurred by chance variation [25]. On the other hand, the generally negative experimental evidence is consistent with the epidemiological results [25].…”

Epidemiological risk assessment of mobile phones and cancer: where can we improve?

“…At least six other reviews have also been published during the past 5 years, with largely consistent conclusions (Frumkin et al, 2001;Repacholi, 2001;Elwood, 2003;Habash et al, 2003;Hossmann and Hermann, 2003; Exposure to radio-frequency field from mobile phones…”

Monitoring the effects of mobile phone use on the brain by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

“……”

Mobile phones and health: A literature overview

“…This finding was attributed to a decreased incidence of smoking-related cancers in men resulting from a confounding effect of social class, i. e. compared to the general population, mobile phone users are less likely to smoke. No significantly increased risk was found for brain tumors or leukemia [25].…”

“…These observations, however, fall short in strength and consistency to be interpreted in terms of cause and effect. Due to the inconsistency with other studies, it seems likely that they have occurred by chance variation [25]. On the other hand, the generally negative experimental evidence is consistent with the epidemiological results [25].…”

Epidemiological risk assessment of mobile phones and cancer: where can we improve?

“…At least six other reviews have also been published during the past 5 years, with largely consistent conclusions (Frumkin et al, 2001;Repacholi, 2001;Elwood, 2003;Habash et al, 2003;Hossmann and Hermann, 2003; Exposure to radio-frequency field from mobile phones…”

Monitoring the effects of mobile phone use on the brain by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

“……”

Mobile phones and health: A literature overview

“…This finding was attributed to a decreased incidence of smoking-related cancers in men resulting from a confounding effect of social class, i. e. compared to the general population, mobile phone users are less likely to smoke. No significantly increased risk was found for brain tumors or leukemia [25].…”

“…These observations, however, fall short in strength and consistency to be interpreted in terms of cause and effect. Due to the inconsistency with other studies, it seems likely that they have occurred by chance variation [25]. On the other hand, the generally negative experimental evidence is consistent with the epidemiological results [25].…”

Epidemiological risk assessment of mobile phones and cancer: where can we improve?

“…At least six other reviews have also been published during the past 5 years, with largely consistent conclusions (Frumkin et al, 2001;Repacholi, 2001;Elwood, 2003;Habash et al, 2003;Hossmann and Hermann, 2003; Exposure to radio-frequency field from mobile phones…”