Epidemiological aspects of astrovirus and coronavirus in poults in the South Eastern Region of Brazil

Abstract

A survey of Turkey Coronavirus (TCoV) and Astrovirus (TAstV-2) prevalence was carried out from February to December during 2006 year in semiarid region of Brazil, from a turkey producer area, localized in South Eastern of Brazil. To asses the risk factor related to clinical material, climatic condition and type of RT-PCR applied, cloacal swabs (CS), faeces, sera, bursa of Fabricius (BF), thymus (TH) and spleen (SP) and ileum-caeca region were collected from 30-day-old poults suffering of enteritis episode characterized as poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS). The PEMS clinical features were characterized by watery to foamy faeces, light brown-yellow in colour and low mortality rate. Meteorological data (rainfall and relative humidity) observed during along the study presented monthly average temperature ranging from 39.3 and 31.2ºC, precipitation in rainy season from 40 to 270.3 mm/month, and no rain during dry season. Simplex RT-PCR gave odds ratio (OR) values suggesting that ileum-caeca region is at higher chance (OR=1.9; p=0.9741) to have both viral RNA than faeces (OR=1.5; p=0.7319). However, multiplex RT-PCR showed 3.98 (p=0.89982) more chance to give positive results in faeces than CS at dry season. The major risk factors seem to be low rate of humidity and high temperatures at winter, probably responsible for spread, easily, the TCoV and TAstv-2 among the flocks. The positive results of both virus suggested that they can play an important role in enteric disorders, associated to low humidity and high temperatures frequently found in tropical countries.

Circulation of canine parvovirus among dogs living in human-wildlife interface in the Atlantic forest biome, Brazil

“…Although CVP-2c has been detected in several Brazilian regions, this is the first description of its circulation in rural/wild areas representing human/wildlife interfaces ( Costa et al, 2005 ; Streek et al, 2009 ; Castro et al, 2010 ; Fontana et al, 2013 ; Oliveira et al, 2017 ). Despite of the availability and use of several commercial vaccines, viral enteritis − including that associated with CPV infection − remains an important problem for Brazilian dogs ( Oliveira et al, 2017 ).…”

“…Sequence analysis showed that 90.2% of the samples carried the amino acid (aa) Glu at the position 426, characteristic of CPV-2c strains, and 65% of these CPV-2c strains showed the substitution. Despite of the fact that CPV-2c was first described in South America in 2007, the high prevalence of CPV-2c strains in Brazil continues nowadays ( Pérez et al, 2007 ; Streek et al, 2009 ; Calderón et al, 2015 ; Fontana et al, 2013 ; Oliveira et al, 2017 ). Out of the 67 positive samples, 10% were identified as CPV-2a (KP694304) and 7% CPV-2b (KP694306) ( Fig.…”

Detection of Astrovirus, Coronavirus and Haemorrhagic Enteritis Virus in Turkeys with Poult Enteritis Mortality Syndrome in Turkey

“…Although many studies toward the investigation of PEMS have been reported elsewhere particularly in countries with intensive turkey breeding such as the USA and Brazil da Silva et al, 2009;Jindal et al, 2010;Mor et al, 2013;Moura-Alvarez et al, 2014), to the best of author's knowledge no study has been conducted on this subject in Turkey so far. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the presence and frequency of TAstV-2, TCoV and HEV in both PEMS-associated and clinically healthy meat-type turkeys.…”

Detecção molecular e diagnóstico diferencial de vírus entéricos em criações de perus comerciais

“…O coronavirus é um vírus envelopado com tamanho entre 50 e 160 ηm (RITCHIE et al, 1973;SPAAN et al, 2005) SIEBURTH; JOHNSON, 1957;TRUSCOTT, 1968;DESHMUKH et al, 1969;FREY, 1969). No entanto, somente em 1973 agentes semelhantes aos coronavírus puderam ser visualizados em ME no intestino de aves inoculadas com filtrados intestinais originados de aves acometidas pela doença HALL, 1973;RITCHIE et al, 1973 (GUY et al, 2000;YU et al, 2000;CARVER et al, 2001 (SELLERS et al, 2004;VILLARREAL et al, 2006;BUNGER et al, 2009;SILVA et al, 2009 (KAPCZYNSKI et al, 2002;CHAPPELL et al, 2005). Há pelo menos onze sorotipos de reovírus aviário classificados através da reação de neutralização viral (KAWAMURA et al, 1965;SAHU;OLSON, 1975;WOOD et al, 1980 Testes de neutralização viral foram amplamente utilizados na demonstração de diferentes sorotipos do vírus que podem afetar as aves (KAWAMURA et al, 1965;SAHU;OLSON, 1975;WOOD et al, 1980 JINDAL et al, 2008;JINDAL et al, 2010a).…”

“…A maioria das amostras apresentava a presença de mais de um vírus (69,7%) e se verificou que Astrovírus estiveram presentes em todas as amostras onde ocorreram associação de vírus. A elevada frequência de associação de vírus entéricos está de acordo com a literatura THEIL, 1985;JINDAL et al, 2009;JINDAL et al, 2010b) CHERRY, 2000b;VILLARREAL et al, 2006;SILVA et al, 2009). Nos Estados Unidos, Pantin-Jackwood et al (2007 (YU et al, 2000;CARVER et al, 2001;.…”