Epidemiological and clinical profile of HIV-infected patients from Southwestern Goias State, Brazil

Abstract

Knowledge about epidemiological distribution patterns of HIV infection in different geographic regions is relevant to understand the dynamics of the disease in Brazil. This study aims to characterize the epidemiological and clinical profile of HIV-infected patients from Southwestern Goias State, from 2005 to 2015. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect clinical-epidemiological, virological, and immunological data from the medical records of all HIV-infected patients (n=539) who were followed at the regional reference center of Jatai, Goias State, Brazil, from 2005 to 2015. We detected the prevalence of male patients and the heterosexual route of transmission, as well as an expressive number of young women infected with HIV. The HIV infection was more prevalent in reproductive ages (55.3%). Most patients presented clinical manifestations related to HIV infection at the time of diagnosis. Twenty-four patients presented coinfection with hepatitis C virus, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, leprosy or Chagas disease. Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii was the most common opportunistic infection, followed by neurotoxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, and neurocryptococcosis. Combined antiretroviral therapy improved CD4+ T-cell counts: the mean CD4+ T-cell counts after treatment was twice as high as those found at the first medical appointment; and highly active antiretroviral therapy promoted viral suppression in a significant number of patients. Considering the increasing distribution of HIV infection to the interior of Brazil, this descriptive study outlines the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in Southwestern Goias and contributes to develop local prevention strategies and public service plans.

A cross-sectional study of socio-demographic and clinical profile of HIV patients at ART plus centre, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India

“…A previous study at Clinical Hospital Doutor Serafim de Carvalho, Southwestern Goias, Brazil [16] found the mean age of presentation was 39.5±11 with male predominance, heterosexual route as a common mode of transmission in HIV patients, these findings were in concordance with our study. This study also [16] found pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii was the most predominant OI, while in our study, tuberculosis was common OI among HIV patients. Our study's limitation was that it was conducted at a single tertiary care center with limited sample size.…”

“…In this systematic review, we included two RCTs matching the above inclusion criteria. These trials sourced data from about 833 COVID-19 patients from 115 hospitals in Asia, Europe, and the US [15,16]. In both the trials, the patients received the intravenous remdesivir of 200 mg on the first day and 100 mg on the successive nine days [15,16].…”

“…These trials sourced data from about 833 COVID-19 patients from 115 hospitals in Asia, Europe, and the US [15,16]. In both the trials, the patients received the intravenous remdesivir of 200 mg on the first day and 100 mg on the successive nine days [15,16]. In one trial, some participants received the regimen for five days (instead of 10 days) [16].…”

“…In both the trials, the patients received the intravenous remdesivir of 200 mg on the first day and 100 mg on the successive nine days [15,16]. In one trial, some participants received the regimen for five days (instead of 10 days) [16]. The comparator arm received a placebo and standard care in the respective trials [15,16].…”

“…In one trial, some participants received the regimen for five days (instead of 10 days) [16]. The comparator arm received a placebo and standard care in the respective trials [15,16]. Table 1 presents the salient features of these trials.…”