Eosinophil-platelet interactions promote atherosclerosis and stabilize thrombosis with eosinophil extracellular traps

Marx, Charlotte; Novotny, Julia; Salbeck, Danby; Zellner, Katie R.; Nicolai, Leo; Pekayvaz, Kami; Kilani, Badr; Stockhausen, Sven; Burgener, N. Dang; Kupka, Danny; Stocker, Thomas J.; Weckbach, Ludwig T.; Pircher, Joachim; Moser, Markus; Joner, Michael; Desmet, Walter; Adriaenssens, Tom; Neumann, Franz‐Josef; Gerschlick, Anthony H.; Berg, Jurriën Ten; Lorenz, Michael; Stark, Konstantin

doi:10.1182/blood.2019000518

Cited by 142 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…However, their secreted granules contain factors capable of potentiating tissue damage and inflammation and proteases capable of modifying the surrounding extracellular matrix and locally deposited lipoproteins [ 90 , 91 ]. Moreover, it was shown that activated neutrophils and eosinophils form extracellular traps in the vessel wall, which are implicated in the clinical severity of the coronary lesion [ 90 , 92 ].…”

Section: The Complex Role Of Lpc In Vascular Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Review of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholines in the Vascular System

Knuplez

Marsche

2020

IJMS

116

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Lysophosphatidylcholines are a group of bioactive lipids heavily investigated in the context of inflammation and atherosclerosis development. While present in plasma during physiological conditions, their concentration can drastically increase in certain inflammatory states. Lysophosphatidylcholines are widely regarded as potent pro-inflammatory and deleterious mediators, but an increasing number of more recent studies show multiple beneficial properties under various pathological conditions. Many of the discrepancies in the published studies are due to the investigation of different species or mixtures of lysophatidylcholines and the use of supra-physiological concentrations in the absence of serum or other carrier proteins. Furthermore, interpretation of the results is complicated by the rapid metabolism of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in cells and tissues to pro-inflammatory lysophosphatidic acid. Interestingly, most of the recent studies, in contrast to older studies, found lower LPC plasma levels associated with unfavorable disease outcomes. Being the most abundant lysophospholipid in plasma, it is of utmost importance to understand its physiological functions and shed light on the discordant literature connected to its research. LPCs should be recognized as important homeostatic mediators involved in all stages of vascular inflammation. In this review, we want to point out potential pro- and anti-inflammatory activities of lysophospholipids in the vascular system and highlight recent discoveries about the effect of lysophosphatidylcholines on immune cells at the endothelial vascular interface. We will also look at their potential clinical application as biomarkers.

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Section: The Complex Role Of Lpc In Vascular Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Review of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholines in the Vascular System

Knuplez

Marsche

2020

IJMS

116

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“…Eosinophils may also contribute to the lung pathology in COVID-19 patients. In hypereosinophilic cases, the degranulation of major basic protein from eosinophils and eosinophil peroxidase causes platelet aggregation and thrombus formation [24]. Eosinophils can cause in situ thrombus formation in the lungs and veins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated eosinophil count is related with lower anti-factor Xa activity in COVID-19 patients

et al. 2020

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Despite prophylactic anticoagulant treatments, thrombotic complications may develop in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing anti-factor Xa activity in COVID-19 patients receiving low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). We prospectively evaluated 80 COVID-19 patients, diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction test, who were admitted to our clinic and administered LMWH; LMWH (enoxaparin) was applied according to the weight, D-dimer levels, and clinical condition of patients. Anti-factor Xa activity in blood, drawn 4 h after the 3rd dose of LMWH, was measured and an activity of < 0.2 IU/mL was considered subprophylactic. Patients were followed up clinically, and anti-factor Xa activity was reexamined before discharge. Groups 1 and 2 included 13 and 67 patients with subprophylactic (mean ± SD: 0.18 ± 0.06) and prophylactic (mean ± SD: 0.43 ± 0.23) anti-factor Xa activity, respectively. The proportion of eosinophils in patients was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (mean ± SD; 2.96 ± 2.55 vs 0.90 ± 1.28; p = 0.001). At the time of discharge, the eosinophilic proportion of patients was significantly higher (eosinophil %, mean ± SD; 3.06 ± 1.49 vs 2.07 ± 1.92; p = 0.001), but the activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly lower (22.34 ± 1.38 vs 24.38 ± 3.58; p = 0.01) in group 1 than in group 2. Of 14 patients with eosinophil content > 4%, 6 were in group 1 ((6/13) 46.2%), while 8 were in group 2 ((8/63) 11.9%); (p = 0.009), and all had a D-dimer level < 1 μg/mL (p = 0.03). ROC analysis for the presence of anticoagulation at subprophylactic level revealed an area under curve of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64-0.93); p = 0.001). In conclusion; Elevated eosinophil count is related to lower anti-factor Xa activity in patients with COVID-19 receiving LMWH. The clinical significance of the subprophylactic anti-factor Xa activity should be studied in COVID-19 patients (NCT04507282).

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“…Eosinophils may also contribute to the lung pathology in COVID-19 patients. In hypereosinophilic cases, the degranulation of major basic protein from eosinophils and eosinophil peroxidase causes platelet aggregation and thrombus formation [22]. Eosinophils can cause in situ thrombus formation in the lungs and veins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophil and Anticoagulation in COVID-19 Patients

Arı

Can

Demir

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction: Despite prophylactic anticoagulant treatments, thrombotic complications may develop in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate anti-Factor Xa levels to determine the anticoagulant activity of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in COVID-19 patients.Materials and methods: We prospectively evaluated 80 COVID-19 patients, diagnosed using polymerase-chain-reaction test, who were admitted to our clinic and administered LMWH; enoxaparin was applied according to the weight, D-dimer levels, and clinical condition of patients. Anti-Factor Xa levels in blood, drawn 4h after the 3rd dose of LMWH, were measured and a level of <0.2IU/ml was considered subprophylactic. Patients were followed up clinically and anti-Factor Xa levels were re-examined before discharge. Results:Groups 1 and 2 included 13 and 63 patients with subprophylactic (0.18±0.06) and prophylactic (0.43±0.23) anti-Factor Xa levels, respectively. The proportion of eosinophils in patients was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (2.96±2.55 vs 0.90±1.28;p=0.001). At the time of discharge the eosinophilic proportion of patients was significantly higher (3.06±1.49 vs 2.07±1.92;p=0.001) but the activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly lower (22.34±1.38 vs 24.38±3.58; p=0.01) in group 1 than in group 2. Of 14 patients with eosinophil content >4%, 6 were in group 1 ((6/13) 46.2%) while 8 were in group 2 ((8/63) 11.9%); (p=0.009), and all had a D-dimer level <1µg/mL (p=0.03). ROC analysis for the presence of anticoagulation at subprophylactic level revealed an area under curve of 0.79 (95% CI:0.64-0.93); p=0.001).Conclusions: In COVID-19 patients, eosinophil levels could be considered for determining effective prophylactic anticoagulant administration. (NCT04507282)

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Eosinophil-platelet interactions promote atherosclerosis and stabilize thrombosis with eosinophil extracellular traps

Abstract: This study uses genetic and pharmacologic approaches to demonstrate novel roles of eosinophils in the progression of atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis.

Cited by 142 publications

References 71 publications

An Updated Review of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholines in the Vascular System

An Updated Review of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholines in the Vascular System

Elevated eosinophil count is related with lower anti-factor Xa activity in COVID-19 patients

Eosinophil and Anticoagulation in COVID-19 Patients

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