Enzyme Activity in Dormant and Nondormant Large Crabgrass<i>(Digitaria sanguinalis)</i>Seeds Following Hydration

Biswas, P. K.; Devi, Anjna; Roy, Prasun Kumar; Paul, K. B.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500032744

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This enzyme is responsible for initiating the mobilisation of starch in germinating seeds (Fincher, 1989). Similar to our results, Biswas et al (1978) stated that dormant seeds of large crabgrass had very little or no activity of α-amylase, whereas non-dormant seeds showed appreciable activity.…”

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confidence: 90%

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Assessment of seed dormancy in Scrophularia striata

Karavani¹,

Afshari²,

Hosseini³

et al. 2016

Seed Sci. Technol.

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Scrophularia striata (Scrophulariace) grows naturally in the western parts of Iran. This study investigated the effects of mechanical and chemical scarification, moist chilling, soaking in gibberellic acid, after-ripening, and some combined treatments on seed germination behaviour of S. striata. Germination under standard conditions was 13%. Mechanical and chemical scarification of the seed coat improved germination. Furthermore, germination was promoted by moist chilling and chemicals, indicating 'endogenous dormancy'. The best germination occurred in seeds soaked in 400 ppm GA 3 for 24 hours and given moist chilling at 5°C for one week. In this treatment, total germination reached 92%. Dormant seeds showed low enzyme activity, while enzyme activity in treated seeds was significantly higher. Experimental and discussion There are five species of Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) in Iran (Mozafarian, 1999). Scrophularia striata Boiss., growing in the western regions of Iran, has been used since ancient times in traditional medicines to treat eczema, wounds, goiter, ulcers, cancer and fistulae. Both leaves and seeds of S. striata contain anti-cancer and cell growth enhancing agents (Ardeshiry Lajimi et al., 2010). Seeds of many temperate plant species are dormant at the time of dispersal. Specific temperature requirements must be met before they can germinate (Baskin and Baskin, 1998). A dormant seed (or other germination unit) is a seed that does not have the capacity to germinate in a specified period of time under any combination of normal physical environmental factors (Baskin and Baskin, 2004). Some enzymes, such as α-amylases, play important roles in breaking seed dormancy. These enzymes initiate the mobilisation of starch in germinating seeds (Fincher, 1989). Biswas et al. (1978) reported that dormant seeds of large crabgrass had very little or no activity of α-amylase, whereas non-dormant seeds showed appreciable activity. S. st riata is an important medical plant and there is no information about its seed dormancy in literature. The objectives of this study were to investigate the mechanism of seed dormancy and to improve seed germination in S. striata.

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confidence: 90%

“…The homogenate was centrifuged in a refrigerated centrifuge at 4°C for 25 minutes at 10000 rpm. Clean supernatant was decanted and stored at -80°C for enzyme assay (Biswas et al, 1978, with some modifications). α-amylase activity of the seed extract was determined according to the method of Baker (1991) and Bernfeld (1991) with some modifications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of seed dormancy in Scrophularia striata

Karavani¹,

Afshari²,

Hosseini³

et al. 2016

Seed Sci. Technol.

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“…Plant amylase was extracted according to Biswas et al (1978) with some modifications. Seeds of B. napus and Brassica oleracea were placed in Petri dishes on moistened paper and were left under germination conditions for 12 h. Subsequently, the germinated seeds were macerated thoroughly in liquid nitrogen using a pestle in a chilled mortar with 10 ml of cold phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effects of an extract from non-host plants on physiological characteristics of two major cabbage pests

Dastranj

Borzoui

Bandani

et al. 2017

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and small white cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae) are the two main serious pests of cruciferous crops (Brassicaceae) that have developed resistance to chemical control methods. In order to avoid such resistance and also the adverse effects of chemical pesticides on the environment, alternative methods have usually been suggested, including the use of plant enzyme inhibitors. Here, the inhibitory effects of proteinaceous inhibitors extracted from wheat, canola, sesame, bean and triticale were evaluated against the digestive α-amylases, larval growth, development and nutritional indecs of the diamondback moth and small white cabbage butterfly. Our results indicated that triticale and wheat extracts inhibited α-amylolytic activity in an alkaline pH, which is in accordance with the moth and butterfly gut α-amylase optimum pH. Dose-dependent inhibition of two crucifer pests by triticale and wheat was observed using spectrophotometry and gel electrophoresis. Implementation of specificity studies showed that wheat and triticale-proteinaceous extract were inactive against Chinese and purple cabbage amylase. Triticale and wheat were resistant against insects' gut proteases. Results of the feeding bioassay indicated that triticale-proteinaceous extract could cause a significant reduction in survival and larval body mass. The results of the nutritional indecs also showed larvae of both species that fed on a Triticale proteinaceous inhibitor-treated diet had the lowest values for the efficiency of conversion of ingested food and relative growth rate. Our observations suggested that triticale shows promise for use in the management of crucifer pests.

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“…Enzymes were extracted according to Biswas et al [ 90 ] with slight modifications by Farashah et al [ 91 ]. Three replicates of 0.25 g seeds were ground with LN and suspended in 2.5 mL of chilled 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Vigour, Viability, Oxidative Metabolism and Germination Enzymes in Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds

Adetunji

Sershen

Varghese

et al. 2020

Plants

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This study assessed the potential of pre-hydration treatment with aqueous solutions (electrolysed [cathodic water; CW] and non-electrolysed) prepared from four different inorganic ion combinations: 1 mM CaCl2, 1 µm CaCl2 and 1 mM MgCl2 (CaMg, hereafter), 1 mM MgCl2 and 1 mM NaCl to invigorate controlled deteriorated (CDd) Brassicaoleracea (cabbage) and Lactucasativa (lettuce) seeds by assessing germination, vigour and biochemical markers (electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonylation, and defence and germination associated enzymes) of oxidative stress. Additionally, the possible effects of pH of electrolysed CaMg and NaCl solutions were assessed. The inorganic salt solutions were applied to fresh seeds and seeds deteriorated to 75% viability (P75), 50% viability (P50) and 25% viability (P25); deionised water served as control. The pre-hydration treatment did not enhance normal seedling production in cabbage. However, Ca-containing and CW hydration treatments (CaCl2 CW, CaMg and CaMg CW [6.5], MgCl2 CW, NaCl CW and NaCl CW [6.5]) promoted normal seedling production of CDd lettuce seeds, while seedling vigour was enhanced by CaMg, CaMg CW (6.5), NaCl CW and NaCl CW (6.5) in CDd cabbage seeds, and CaCl2, CaCl2 CW, CaMg, CaMg CW (6.5), MgCl2 CW, NaCl CW and NaCl CW (6.5) in CDd lettuce seeds. The supplementation of Ca, a component of the ionised solutes, and/or the reducing potential of CW contributed to increased normal seedling production in lettuce seeds irrespective of the pH of treatment solutions or degree of deterioration. Overall, the pre-hydration treatments enhanced endogenous antioxidants leading to reduced levels of electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and enhanced germination enzyme activities in lettuce seeds. The study concluded that pre-hydration with selected inorganic salt solutions can invigorate debilitated lettuce seeds.

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Enzyme Activity in Dormant and Nondormant Large Crabgrass(Digitaria sanguinalis)Seeds Following Hydration

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of seed dormancy in Scrophularia striata

Assessment of seed dormancy in Scrophularia striata

Inhibitory effects of an extract from non-host plants on physiological characteristics of two major cabbage pests

Effects of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Vigour, Viability, Oxidative Metabolism and Germination Enzymes in Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds

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