Enzootiology of Trypanosoma evansi in Pantanal, Brazil

Molecular detection of Trypanosoma evansi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in procyonids (Carnivora: Procyonidae) in Eastern Amazon, Brazil

“…Similar results were obtained by HERRERA et al (2004), who detected T. evansi infection only by PCR in blood samples of buffalo, bovines, marsupials, small rodents, bats, and armadillos in Pantanal, although these authors observed high parasitemia in capybaras, coatis, horses, and dogs using microhematocrit centrifugation.…”

“…In Brazil, T. evansi has been diagnosed in horses in the states of Pará (JANSEN, 1941), Mato Grosso do Sul (HERRERA et al, 2004), and Rio Grande do Sul (ZANETTE et al, 2008), where this pathogen is of great importance as the causative agent of "mal das cadeiras" or "surra"; this disease leads to severe economic losses for Brazilian horse breeding due to the treatment costs and the high rates of lethality and mortality (SEIDL et al, 1998). The first disease cases were reported in Marajó Island, Pará State, where the disease was reported to cause high lethality in horses (LACERDA, 1885apud JANSEN, 1941 and was later considered enzootic in this region (JANSEN, 1941).…”

“…Studies on the natural infection of procyonids by T. evansi often involve free-living animals (HERRERA et al 2004;HERRERA et al 2011), and little is known about the occurrence of this pathogen in captive animals. In the present study, a significant association was observed between captive animals and the detection of T. evansi DNA.…”

“…Species found in Brazil are widely distributed in the country's territory, and the main representatives are the coati (Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1766), crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus Cuvier, 1798), and kinkajou (Potos flavus Schreber, 1774) (EISENBERG & REDFORD, 1999 (LAINSON et al, 2010), and may host Trypanosoma evansi (HERRERA et al, 2004).…”

Reemerging of natural infection by Trypanosoma evansi in horses in Arari, Marajó Island, Brazil

“…evansi is present in nearly all continents, American, Asian, Oceania, African and European (REID, S., 2002;SILVA et al, 2002) and is endemic in Africa (ABEER & SHAYMAN, 2011). South America also has areas considered enzootic for this parasite, such as the Pantanal area, Brazil (HERRERA et al, 2004).…”