Enzootic mosquito vector species at equine encephalitis transmission foci in the República de Panamá

Torres, Rolando; Samudio, Rafael; Carrera, Jean Paul; Young, Josue; Márquez, Ricardo; Hurtado, Lisbeth; Weaver, Scott C.; Chaves, Luis Fernando; Tesh, Robert B.; Cáceres, Lorenzo

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185491

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The distribution of these species comes with increased vectorial role of human etiologies. Mansonia titillans, a common species in the Americas, is a known vector of Venezuelan equine encephalitis [115]. Recently, Argentina detected SLEV and BUNV for the first time from this species, proving its competent nature to transmit the viruses [116].…”

Section: Overview Of the Main Mosquito Genera Of Public Health Impmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes of Etiological Concern in Kenya and Possible Control Strategies

Karungu

Atoni

Ogalo

et al. 2019

Insects

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Kenya is among the most affected tropical countries with pathogen transmitting Culicidae vectors. For decades, insect vectors have contributed to the emergence and distribution of viral and parasitic pathogens. Outbreaks and diseases have a great impact on a country’s economy, as resources that would otherwise be used for developmental projects are redirected to curb hospitalization cases and manage outbreaks. Infected invasive mosquito species have been shown to increasingly cross both local and global boarders due to the presence of increased environmental changes, trade, and tourism. In Kenya, there have been several mosquito-borne disease outbreaks such as the recent outbreaks along the coast of Kenya, involving chikungunya and dengue. This certainly calls for the implementation of strategies aimed at strengthening integrated vector management programs. In this review, we look at mosquitoes of public health concern in Kenya, while highlighting the pathogens they have been linked with over the years and across various regions. In addition, the major strategies that have previously been used in mosquito control and what more could be done to reduce or combat the menace caused by these hematophagous vectors are presented.

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Section: Overview Of the Main Mosquito Genera Of Public Health Impmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes of Etiological Concern in Kenya and Possible Control Strategies

Karungu

Atoni

Ogalo

et al. 2019

Insects

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“…Sweep netting, CDC light traps, encephalitis vector survey traps (EVS), malaise traps, Shannon traps, battery-powered aspirators, and Trinidad no. 17 traps, have been used to study the biology and ecology of Spissipes section species in Panama [ 18 – 23 ]. Animal-baited traps, in which vertebrates are caged or confined to attract host-seeking mosquitoes, have been effective for sampling Spissipes section Melanoconion such as Cx .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating sampling strategies for enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vectors in Florida and Panama

et al. 2022

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Determining effective sampling methods for mosquitoes are among the first objectives in elucidating transmission cycles of vector-borne zoonotic disease, as the effectiveness of sampling methods can differ based on species, location, and physiological state. The Spissipes section of the subgenus Melanoconion of Culex represents an understudied group of mosquitoes which transmit Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV) in the Western Hemisphere. The objective of this study was to determine effective collection methods that target both blood-engorged and non-engorged females of the Spissipes section of Culex subgenus Melanoconion to test the hypothesis that favorable trapping methods differ between species and by physiological status within a species. Mosquitoes were collected using two commercially available traps, (CDC-light trap and BG-Sentinel trap), two novel passive traps (a novel mosquito drift fence and pop-up resting shelters), and two novel aspirators, (a small-diameter aspirator and a large-diameter aspirator) in Darién, Panama, and Florida, USA. The total number of female mosquitoes collected for each species was compared using rarefaction curves and diversity metrics. We also compared the utility of each trap for collecting total females and blood-engorged females of four Spissipes section mosquito species in Florida and Darién. In Darién, it was found that both blood-engorged and unfed females of Cx. pedroi were most effectively collected using the mosquito drift fence at 57.6% and 61.7% respectively. In contrast, the most unfed Cx. spissipes were collected using the mosquito drift fence (40.7%) while blood-engorged females were collected effectively by pop-up resting shelters (42.3%). In Florida, the best sampling technique for the collection of blood-engorged Cx. panocossa was the large diameter aspirator at 41.9%, while the best trap for collecting Cx. cedecei was the pop-up resting shelter at 45.9%. For unfed female Spissipes section mosquitoes in Florida, the CDC light trap with CO2 collected 84.5% and 98.3% of Cx. cedecei and Cx. panocossa respectively in Florida. Rarefaction analysis, and both the Shannon and Simpsons diversity indices all demonstrated that the mosquito drift fence was capable of collecting the greatest diversity of mosquito species regardless of location. The finding that the proportions of unfed and blood-engorged mosquitoes collected by traps differed both among and between species has implications for how studies of VEEV vectors will be carried out in future investigations. In Florida a combination of pop-up resting shelters and use of a large-diameter aspirator would be optimal for the collection of both VEEV vectors for host-use studies. Results demonstrate that traps can be constructed from common materials to collect mosquitoes for VEEV vector studies and could be assessed for their utilization in vectors of other systems as well. Unfortunately, no single method was effective for capturing all species and physiological states, highlighting a particular need for assessing trap utility for target species of a study.

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“…Although no single mosquito sampling method can capture all mosquito species in a given area [ 45 , 46 , 47 ] nor satisfactorily allow the estimation of mosquito population size [ 48 ], systematic sampling with a single method could help to understand the impact of environmental fluctuations on mosquito species abundance [ 24 ], and vector infection at a given place [ 49 , 50 ]. Moreover, insights about mosquito population dynamics [ 51 , 52 , 53 ] and pathogen transmission [ 54 , 55 ] become increasingly robust as observations are not restricted to a single season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Adult Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Abundance in a Dengue Transmission Hotspot, Compared to a Coldspot, within Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

Chaves

Tsai

et al. 2018

Insects

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The assumption that vector abundance differences might drive spatial and temporal heterogeneities in vector-borne disease transmission is common, though data supporting it is scarce. Here, we present data from two common mosquito species Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, biweekly sampled as adults, from March 2016 through December 2017, with BG-sentinel traps in two neighboring districts of Kaohsiung City (KC), Taiwan. One district has historically been a dengue transmission hotspot (Sanmin), and the other a coldspot (Nanzih). We collected a total 41,027 mosquitoes, and we found that average mosquito abundance (mean ± S.D.) was higher in Sanmin (Ae. aegypti: 9.03 ± 1.46; Cx. quinquefasciatus: 142.57 ± 14.38) than Nanzih (Ae. aegypti: 6.21 ± 0.47; Cx. quinquefasciatus: 63.37 ± 8.71) during the study period. In both districts, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus population dynamics were sensitive to changes in temperature, the most platykurtic environmental variable at KC during the study period, a pattern predicted by Schmalhausen’s law, which states that organisms are more sensitive to small changes in environmental variables whose average value is more uncertain than its extremes. Our results also suggest that differences in Ae. aegypti abundance might be responsible for spatial differences in dengue transmission at KC. Our comparative approach, where we also observed a significant increment in the abundance of Cx. quinquefasciatus in the dengue transmission hotspot, suggests this area might be more likely to experience outbreaks of other vector borne diseases and should become a primary focus for vector surveillance and control.

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Enzootic mosquito vector species at equine encephalitis transmission foci in the República de Panamá

Cited by 24 publications

References 73 publications

Mosquitoes of Etiological Concern in Kenya and Possible Control Strategies

Mosquitoes of Etiological Concern in Kenya and Possible Control Strategies

Evaluating sampling strategies for enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vectors in Florida and Panama

Increased Adult Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Abundance in a Dengue Transmission Hotspot, Compared to a Coldspot, within Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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