Environmentally Friendly Nonionic Surfactants Derived from Tannic Acid: Synthesis, Characterization and Surface Activity

Synthesis of cationic polysaccharide (Aloe) Schiff base surfactants was described and their chemical structures were confirmed by using FTIR spectroscopic, H-NMR and UV analysis. The surface activities of these surfactants were measured, including surface tension, critical micelle concentration, effectiveness, efficiency, maximum surface excess and minimum surface area at 25°C, interfacial tension and emulsification power at 25°C. Adsorption and micellization free energies of these amphiphiles in their solutions showed a good tendency towards adsorption at the interfaces.

Section: Effectiveness (P Cmc )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Synthesis, Characterization and Surface Activities of Cationic Polysaccharide (Aloe) Schiff Base Surfactants

Zaky

Badawi

Sabbah

et al. 2014

“…Permanent use of alkylphenol ethoxylate compounds usually causes pollution problems because they do not undergo biodegradation by micro-organisms present in soil and water. In the environmentally friendly surfactants, bacteria exploit these potentially useful resources of reduced carbon to derive energy and support growth [35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Biodegradabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Surface, Thermodynamic Properties of Some Biodegradable Vanillin‐Modified Polyoxyethylene Surfactants

Sayed

Ghuiba

Abdou

et al. 2012

Four water‐soluble non‐ionic ethoxylated surfactants based on vanillin were synthesized (VE15, VE20, VE40, and VE60). The chemical structures of these surfactants were confirmed using FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR spectra. The molecular weights of the compounds were determined using viscosity measurements and gel permeation chromatography. Surface tension as a function of the concentration of the surfactant in aqueous solution was measured at 25, 40 and 55 °C. From these measurements, the critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness (πcmc), efficiency (pC20), maximum surface (Γmax) excess and minimum surface area (Amin), were calculated. The surface activity measurements showed their high tendency towards adsorption and micellization and their good surface tension reduction, and low interfacial tension. The emulsion stability measurements showed the applicability of these surfactants as emulsifying agents. The thermodynamic parameters of micellization (ΔGmic, ΔHmic, ΔSmic) and adsorption (ΔGads, ΔGads, ∆Sads) showed their tendency towards adsorption at the interfaces and also micellization in the bulk of their solutions. The biodegradability of the prepared surfactants was tested in river water using die‐away method and showed their readily biodegradation in the open environment.

“…In recent years, the cost of surfactants has steadily declined. In our previous works, we synthesized several types of surfactants which are environmentally friendly [11][12][13][14]. In the continuation of our research in surfactant science, we synthesized and studied the surface activity of nine nonionic surfactants obtained from the polymerization of triethanolamine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Surface and Thermodynamic Properties of Substituted Polytriethanolamine Nonionic Surfactants

Negm

El‐Farargy

Tawfik

et al. 2012

Self Cite

Three series of nonionic surfactants derived from polytriethanolamine containing 8, 10, and 12 units of triethanolamine were synthesized. Structural assignment of the different compounds was made on the basis of FTIR and 1 H-NMR spectroscopic data. The surface parameters of these surfactants included critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at the CMC (c CMC ), surfactant concentration required to reduce the surface tension of the solvent by 20 mN m -1 (pC 20 ), maximum surface excess (C max ), and the interfacial area occupied by the surfactant molecules (A min ) using surface tension measurements. The micellization and adsorption free energies were calculated at 25°C.