Environmental Symmetry Breaking Promotes Plasmon Mode Splitting in Gold Nanotriangles

Smith, Kyle W.; Yang, Jian; Hernandez, Taylor Michele; Swearer, Dayne F.; Scarabelli, Leonardo; Zhang, Hui; Zhao, Hangqi; Moringo, Nicholas A.; Chang, Wei-Shun; Liz‐Marzán, Luis M.; Ringe, Emilie; Nordlander, Peter; Link, Stephan

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b08428

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…As we analyzed the plasmonic structures in planar‐view configuration (i.e., the field of view lies parallel to the supporting membrane) any substrate induced plasmonic feature is expected to affect evenly to the whole nanostructure in the projected response measured. However, minor changes in the substrate–particle interface as, for instance, their relative surface orientation (parallel or tilted) may break the degeneracy of the nanostructure resonant modes . The present work focusses on the observation at the near‐field of the plasmonic response of single Ga NPs with high spatial resolution, where the unexpected finding of several LSPR modes contributes to complete the picture of the system plasmonic behavior, although further studies are needed to confirm the proposed hypothesis explaining the splitting.…”

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confidence: 91%

High Spatial Resolution Mapping of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances in Single Gallium Nanoparticles

Mata

Catalán‐Gómez

Nucciarelli

et al. 2019

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materials, as certain semiconductor systems, [6] have been demonstrated to show plasmonic behavior, where the plasmon resonance is achieved by the excitation of interband transitions. [7] Among metals, noble metals as gold and silver have been the most extensively studied and exploited plasmonic systems, whose response lies on the VIS-IR spectral region. However, expanding the operability range up to the UV region is highly desirable to cover further applications, [8] which requires exploring alternative plasmonic materials.Within this context, few material systems optically active at the UV, as Mg, Al, or Ga are currently catching the attention of many research groups. [9,10] The ability to obtain these materials as colloidal suspensions offers a further advantage since it allows for their easy and cheap synthesis as nanostructures. Aluminum is an attractive choice as UV plasmonic material due to its bulk plasma frequency (15 eV) and earth abundance. [11] The strong interband transitions in Al, at about 1.5 eV, damp the possible resonances at that spectral range (NIR), while the material can support LSPR below and above that region. The short wavelengths of Al resonances (typically, 150-250 nm) become comparable to the nanoparticle (NP) size, leading to the emergence of higher order LSPRs. Regarding the spectral shape, the large linewidth of Al resonances as compared to noble metals can be understood through the modified long wavelength approximation, where the radiative damping scales with the cubed oscillation frequency (ω 3 ). [12] Although much less studied until date, Mg also shows UV plasmon resonances as consequence of its bulk plasma frequency, supporting IR resonances, too, in contrast to Al. Up to three different LSPR modes have been reported for Mg hexagonal nanoplates. [9] Another alternative UV plasmonic material is gallium (Ga), having a high bulk plasmon energy, at 14 eV; [13] exhibiting strong UV LSPR due to its negative real part of the electric function along with its low imaginary part of the dielectric function. Simple synthetic procedures allow obtaining gallium nanoparticles (Ga NPs) in a cost effective way such as thermal evaporation. The plasmonic response of the synthesized Ga NPs can be tuned, for instance, as function of their size and shape. [14][15][16] Thus, Ga NPs are among the ideal candidates to spread the application range of plasmonic systems suitable, for instance, for DNA sensing. [17] Plasmonics has emerged as an attractive field driving the development of optical systems in order to control and exploit light-matter interactions. The increasing interest around plasmonic systems is pushing the research of alternative plasmonic materials, spreading the operability range from IR to UV. Within this context, gallium appears as an ideal candidate, potentially active within a broad spectral range (UV-VIS-IR), whose optical properties are scarcely reported. Importantly, the smart design of active plasmonic materials requires their characterization at high spatial and spectral resolu...

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confidence: 91%

High Spatial Resolution Mapping of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances in Single Gallium Nanoparticles

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Catalán‐Gómez

Nucciarelli

et al. 2019

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“…With the recent development of synthesis techniques of gold nanoparticles [ 27 ], it became possible to achieve the controlled synthesis of a range of shapes of gold nanoparticles in high yield. For example, anisotropic gold nanoparticles, such as nanourchins, nanostars [ 3 , 8 , 12 , 19 ], nanorods [ 28 – 30 ], nanoplates [ 31 ], and bipyramids [ 32 ] have been synthesized and investigated on a range of applications. In particular, branched gold nanoparticles have been widely used in SERS [ 33 , 34 ] and LSPR biosensors [ 8 , 17 ] because of the generation of strong hot spots in the sharp branches.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct Visualization of Wavelength-Dependent Single Dipoles Generated on Single Gold Nanourchins with Sharp Branches

Kim

2018

Nanoscale Res Lett

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We present the optical properties of singe gold nanourchins (AuNUs) with sharp branches on their surfaces under dark-field (DF) microscopy and spectroscopy. The DF intensities of the single AuNUs were changed periodically as a function of the rotation angle at three localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelengths. Furthermore, we demonstrate the generation of single dipoles with different LSPR wavelengths in multiple directions on the same AuNU surface. The multiple LSPR dipoles generated on the AuNU surface were further visualized under defocused DF microscopy and verified by characteristic doughnut-shaped defocused scattering field distributions.Graphical AbstractᅟElectronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s11671-018-2675-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In this regard, gold nanoparticles have been employed in many applications, such as plasmonic biosensors, 1-4 surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), 5-7 and photothermal cancer therapy. 15,17,18 The most important factor that can affect the LSPR modes in 2D AuNPs have been found to be the aspect ratio (AR). 10-12 Furthermore, 2D triangular AuNPs exhibit characteristic LSPR optical properties that are different from 1D gold nanoparticles.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…8,9 Recently, two-dimensional (2D) gold nanoparticles, such as triangular gold nanoprisms (AuNPs), have attracted considerable interest because of their large surface to volume ratio, sharp corners and edges, which can enhance the electric field significantly. 7,[13][14][15][16][17][18] The higherorder resonance modes in 2D AuNPs are caused by the retardation effect. For instance, in the visible and near-infrared (IR) regions, 2D AuNPs with large surface to volume ratio present two characteristic dipole and quadrupole resonance modes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in the visible and near-infrared (IR) regions, 2D AuNPs with large surface to volume ratio present two characteristic dipole and quadrupole resonance modes. 15,17,18 The most important factor that can affect the LSPR modes in 2D AuNPs have been found to be the aspect ratio (AR). 13,19,20 Recently, there have been research efforts to better understand the LSPR modes observed in the AuNPs.…”

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Single‐Particle Study: Chemical Effect on Surface Plasmon Damping in Two‐Dimensional Gold Nanoprisms

Lee

2019

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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Anisotropic plasmonic gold nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention because of their unique size-and shape-dependent absorption and scattering properties caused by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and collective oscillations of the conduction band electrons induced by interactions with incident light. In this regard, gold nanoparticles have been employed in many applications, such as plasmonic biosensors, 1-4 surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), 5-7 and photothermal cancer therapy. 8,9 Recently, two-dimensional (2D) gold nanoparticles, such as triangular gold nanoprisms (AuNPs), have attracted considerable interest because of their large surface to volume ratio, sharp corners and edges, which can enhance the electric field significantly. 10-12 Furthermore, 2D triangular AuNPs exhibit characteristic LSPR optical properties that are different from 1D gold nanoparticles. For instance, in the visible and near-infrared (IR) regions, 2D AuNPs with large surface to volume ratio present two characteristic dipole and quadrupole resonance modes. 7,13-18 The higherorder resonance modes in 2D AuNPs are caused by the retardation effect. 13,19,20 Recently, there have been research efforts to better understand the LSPR modes observed in the AuNPs. 15,17,18 The most important factor that can affect the LSPR modes in 2D AuNPs have been found to be the aspect ratio (AR). 14,15,18 The AR is determined by the edge length divided by the thickness. For instance, typical quadrupole and dipole resonance modes are not observed clearly for thick AuNPs. 15,18 Moreover, the recent studies presented that the dipole resonance wavelength is red-shifted with increasing edge length at a fixed thickness. 14-16 Furthermore, the dipole resonance wavelength is also shifted toward a longer wavelength when the thickness is decreased at a constant edge length. 14 Despite the recent efforts to reveal the optical properties of 2D AuNPs, their optical properties are still largely unanswered at the single-particle level. For example, chemical interface damping (CID) is one of LSPR decay processes in plasmonic gold nanoparticles. 21,22 Considerable effort has been made to characterize the effect of chemical adsorption on plasmon damping in 1D gold nanoparticles at the single-particle level, 21,23-25 but our understanding of the CID effect of 2D AuNPs with large surface to volume ratio is unclear. In this regard, it is of importance to gain deeper understanding on the interaction between strong CID effects and large surface to volume ratio of 2D AuNPs with various adsorbate molecules.In this study, scattering-based dark-field (DF) microscopy and spectroscopy were employed to characterize chemical-induced scattering properties and plasmon damping of 2D AuNPs synthesized by a seedless growth method with an average edge length and thickness of 100.4 × 21.1 nm, respectively. The relative CID effect and sensitivity of the two dipole and quadrupole LSPR modes induced in single AuNPs were examined according to the adsorption of adsorbate...

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Environmental Symmetry Breaking Promotes Plasmon Mode Splitting in Gold Nanotriangles

Cited by 31 publications

References 61 publications

High Spatial Resolution Mapping of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances in Single Gallium Nanoparticles

High Spatial Resolution Mapping of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances in Single Gallium Nanoparticles

Direct Visualization of Wavelength-Dependent Single Dipoles Generated on Single Gold Nanourchins with Sharp Branches

Single‐Particle Study: Chemical Effect on Surface Plasmon Damping in Two‐Dimensional Gold Nanoprisms

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