Environmental risk factors and nonpharmacological and nonsurgical interventions for obesity: An umbrella review of meta‐analyses of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials

Solmi, Marco; Köhler, Cristiano A.; Stubbs, Brendon; Koyanagi, Ai; Bortolato, Beatrice; Monaco, Francesco; Vancampfort, Davy; Machado, Myrela O.; Maes, Michaël; Tzoulaki, Ioanna; Firth, Joseph; Ioannidis, John P. A.; Carvalho, André F.

doi:10.1111/eci.12982

Cited by 62 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 136 publications

(254 reference statements)

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“…51,52 Grading the evidence The credibility of the meta-analyses was assessed according to stringent criteria based on previously published umbrella reviews. 38,39,44,50,53 In brief, associations that presented nominally significant random-effects summary effect sizes (i.e., p o 0.05) were ranked as convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, or weak evidence based on the number of events, the strength of the association, and the presence of several biases (criteria presented in Box 1). The quality of included meta-analyses was assessed with the AMSTAR-2 tool.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for eating disorders: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses

Solmi

Raduà

Stubbs

et al. 2021

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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Objective: To grade the evidence about risk factors for eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder) with an umbrella review approach. Methods: This was a systematic review of observational studies on risk factors for eating disorders published in PubMed/PsycInfo/Embase until December 11th, 2019. We recalculated random-effect meta-analyses, heterogeneity, small-study effect, excess significance bias and 95% prediction intervals, grading significant evidence (p o 0.05) from convincing to weak according to established criteria. Quality was assessed with the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool. Results: Of 2,197 meta-analyses, nine were included, providing evidence on 50 risk factors, 29,272 subjects with eating disorders, and 1,679,385 controls. Although no association was supported by convincing evidence, highly suggestive evidence supported the association between childhood sexual abuse and bulimia nervosa (k = 29, 1,103 cases with eating disorders, 8,496 controls, OR, 2.73, 95% CI 1.96-3.79, p = 2.1 x 10-9, AMSTAR-2 moderate quality) and between appearance-related teasing victimization and any eating disorder (k = 10, 1,341 cases with eating disorders, 3,295 controls, OR 2.91, 95%CI 2.05-4.12, p = 1.8x10-9, AMSTAR-2 moderate quality). Suggestive, weak, or no evidence supported 11, 29, and 8 associations, respectively. Conclusions: The most credible evidence indicates that early traumatic and stressful events are risk factors for eating disorders. Larger collaborative prospective cohort studies are needed to identify risk factors for eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for eating disorders: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses

Solmi

Raduà

Stubbs

et al. 2021

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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“…In AMSTAR, the methodological quality was usually categorized as high (8‐11 items achieved), moderate (4‐7 items achieved), and low (0‐3 items achieved) 17 . In GRADE system, according to the assessment of risk of bias, inconsistence, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias, the evidence quality was divided into four categories (high, moderate, low, and very low) 18 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia and adverse health‐related outcomes: An umbrella review of meta‐analyses of observational studies

et al. 2020

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Objective The purpose of this umbrella review was to assess the associations between sarcopenia and adverse health‐related outcomes. Design An umbrella review of meta‐analyses of observational studies. Setting and Participants Patients with sarcopenia and controls without sarcopenia were included. Measures The PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched for relevant systematic review and meta‐analysis. AMSTAR and GRADE system were used for methodological quality and evidence quality assessments, respectively. Results Totally 54 outcomes extracted from 30 meta‐analyses were analyzed. Twenty out of 21 prognostic outcomes indicated that sarcopenia was significantly associated with poorer prognosis of gastric cancer, hepatocellular cancer, urothelial cancer, head and neck cancer, hematological malignancy, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and ovarian cancer. Besides, 10 out of 16 postoperative outcomes suggested that sarcopenia significantly increased the risk of multiple postoperative complications and prolonged the length of hospitalization of patients with digestive cancer. In age‐related outcomes, sarcopenia significantly increased the risk of dysphagia, cognitive impairment, fractures, falls, hospitalization, and all‐cause mortality of elderly populations. Moreover, sarcopenia was also associated with higher level of albuminuria, risk of depression, and several metabolic diseases. Conclusions and Implications Sarcopenia significantly affected a wide range of adverse health‐related outcomes, particularly in patients of tumor and elderly populations. Because evidences of most outcomes were rated as “low” and “very low,” more prospective cohort studies are required in the future.

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“…The main external factor is the easy availability of cheap, calorie‐dense foods (the so‐called “obesogenic environment”; Corsica & Hood, ). However, recent evidence indicates that two internal factors, depression and short sleep duration, also increase the risk of obesity (Solmi et al, ). Food addiction (FA) was south to be another internal risk factor for obesity (Volkow & Wise, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food addiction and symptoms of depression among inhabitants of the European North of Russia: Associations with sleep characteristics and photoperiod

Borisenkov

Popov

Tserne

et al. 2020

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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The purpose of this investigation was to study the sleep-wake rhythm characteristics of young persons with food addiction (FA) and symptoms of depression. A total of 2,360 young persons living in northern European Russia were included in the study.The average age of the respondents (± standard deviation [SD]) was 17.9 [4.6] years (66.6% female). Each participant provided personal data and filled in three questionnaires: the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Yale Food Addiction Scale. FA was detected in 8.9% of respondents, and moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression were detected in 16.7% of respondents. FA and depressive symptoms were more often detected in females. Age and body mass index were shown to be significantly associated with FA. There were positive associations between the time of sunrise and FA and depressive symptoms. Persons who had symptoms of depression also tended to have a later chronotype, lower sleep efficiency, later sleep onset, higher sleep inertia, and greater sleep latency on school days. A positive relationship between FA and the time of sleep onset on school days was also revealed. Thus, the results indicate that prolonged wakefulness in the evening after sunset was associated with FA.

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Environmental risk factors and nonpharmacological and nonsurgical interventions for obesity: An umbrella review of meta‐analyses of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials

Cited by 62 publications

References 136 publications

Risk factors for eating disorders: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses

Risk factors for eating disorders: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses

Sarcopenia and adverse health‐related outcomes: An umbrella review of meta‐analyses of observational studies

Food addiction and symptoms of depression among inhabitants of the European North of Russia: Associations with sleep characteristics and photoperiod

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