The problems of clean water and the protection of aquatic ecosystems are becoming more acute, constantly getting worse and reaching such levels of pollution when the use of water for various purposes is severely limited or water can be harmful to humans. The article is devoted to the problems of pollution of water resources with harmful chemicals that affect human health. The analysis of a comprehensive assessment of the degree of contamination of surface waters is carried out, cases of high and extremely high pollution of surface waters on the territory of the Kurgan region are considered, ways of solving these problems are proposed.