Environmental occurrence, fate and transformation of benzodiazepines in water treatment

Kosjek, Tina; Perko, Silva; Zupanc, Mojca; Hren, Marijana Zanoški; Dragičević, Tibela Landeka; Žigon, Dušan; Kompare, Boris; Heath, Ester

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.056

Cited by 121 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In fact, a lot of different organic compounds are currently used in the daily life of human beings or result from human activities and many of these are frequently being detected in numerous environmental monitoring studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Pollution of soils and surface or ground waters occurs as a result of both point and diffuse sources, the improper use and disposal or accidental release of chemicals into the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic xenobiotics removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of the support matrix

Dordio

Carvalho

2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

190

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic xenobiotics removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of the support matrix

Dordio

Carvalho

2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

190

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“…It is also noted to be highly resistant to biodegradation and thus highly recalcitrant under standard biological wastewater treatment conditions (Clara et al, 2005;Kosjek et al, 2009, Falås et al, 2012. Under these circumstances, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) may offer additional treatment value (von Gunten, 2003;Huber et al, 2005;Macova et al, 2010;Kosjek et al, 2011, Hey et al, 2012Keen et al, 2012), however complete oxidation and mineralisation is not always achievable and stable transformation products formed during AOPs may also pose environmental risks (Aguerra et al (2005). The stability and ecotoxicity of transformation products formed during treatment and environmental transport are of major importance when assessing the suitability of water treatment options and in determining environmental risks associated with APIs in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicity of carbamazepine and its UV photolysis transformation products

Donner

Kosjek

Qualmann

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

167

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Carbamazepine, an anti-epileptic pharmaceutical agent commonly found in wastewater, is highly recalcitrant to standard wastewater treatment practices. This study investigated the mixture toxicity of carbamazepine transformation products formed during UV photolysis using three standard ecotoxicity assays (representing bacteria, algae and crustaceans). UV-treatment of 6 mg L -1 carbamazepine solution was carried out over a 120 min period and samples were removed periodically over the course of the experiment. Quantification results confirmed the degradation of carbamazepine throughout the treatment period, together with concurrent increases in acridine and acridone concentrations. Ecotoxicity was shown to increase in parallel with carbamazepine degradation indicating that the mixture of degradation products formed was more toxic than the parent compound. In fact, ecotoxicity was still greater than 60 % for all three endpoints even when the carbamazepine concentration had decreased to < 1 % of the starting concentration, and acridine and acridone had decreased to < 10 % of their maximum measured concentrations. Single compound toxicity testing also confirmed the higher toxicity of measured degradation products relative to the parent compound. These results show that transformation products considerably more toxic than carbamazepine itself are likely to be produced during UV treatment of wastewater effluents and/or photo-induced degradation of carbamazepine in natural waters. This study highlights the need to consider mixture toxicity and the formation and persistence of toxicologically relevant transformation products when assessing the environmental risks posed by pharmaceutical compounds.

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“…Este grupo de compuestos es poco susceptible a la degradación debido a la presencia de elementos halógenos en su estructura química, de ahí que los tratamientos biológicos en aguas residuales sean poco efectivos (< 10 % de eficiencia). Los lodos activados pueden reducir su concentración en un 10 a 50 % (Kosjek et al 2012). No se tienen referencias específicas de los efectos ambientales de la cis-androsterona y la levotiroxina, pero se han encontrado evidencias de otros productos hormonales que aún en bajas concentraciones (5.2 ng/L) pueden inhibir las características sexuales secundarias en machos de peces y causar feminización (Xu et al 2014).…”

Section: Efectos Potenciales En El Ambiente De Los Contaminantes Emerunclassified

Hidroquímica Y Contaminantes Emergentes en Aguas Residuales Urbano Industriales De Morelia, Michoacán, México

Zacarías

Machuca

Soto³

et al. 2017

Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie.

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Palabras clave: productos farmacéuticos, aguas de riego, metales pesados, reúso agrícola RESUMEN En México, el 54 % de las aguas residuales no reciben tratamiento y son desalojadas hacia los cuerpos de agua, suelos y canales de riego lo que genera un fuerte problema de contaminación y un alto riesgo para la salud humana y la biota acuática. En las úl-timas décadas se han detectado los denominados contaminantes emergentes en aguas superficiales con presencia de aguas residuales crudas y tratadas. Estos compuestos y sus metabolitos reactivos causan severos efectos toxicológicos en los organismos acuáticos o microorganismos del suelo aún en bajas concentraciones. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar las propiedades físicas y químicas: pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE), sólidos disueltos totales (SDT), Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , boro (B), fósforo total (P), metales traza (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) e identificar y cuantificar los contaminantes emergentes (farmacéuticos y drogas de abuso) en los influentes y efluentes de la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales (PTAR) de Morelia, utilizando metodologías estandarizadas, espectrofotometría de infrarrojo (FT-IR) y espectrometría de masas (ESI-MS-TOF). Los valores de pH, CE, SDT, relación de adsorción de sodio (RAS), B, P y metales traza se encontraron dentro de los límites marcados por la norma mexicana NOM-001-ECOL-1996 y directrices internacionales para reúso de aguas residuales en agricultura. Los contaminantes emergentes identificados por ESI-MS-TOF fueron tetraciclina, cefaclor, cefadroxilo, ampicilina, clonazepam, lormetazepam, secobarbital, maprotilina, levotiroxina, cis-androsterona, paracetamol, lidocaína, bromfeniramina, fexofenadina, amfetamina, morfina, benzoilecgonina, 11-nor-Δ9-THC-9-COOH, dimetilamfetamina, fenciclidina, metadona y polietilenglicol. La eficiencia de remoción de estos contaminantes en los efluentes fue de 25.8 %, con extremos de 0 y 74.5 % para el polietilenglicol y metadona, respectivamente.

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Environmental occurrence, fate and transformation of benzodiazepines in water treatment

Cited by 121 publications

References 28 publications

Organic xenobiotics removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of the support matrix

Organic xenobiotics removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of the support matrix

Ecotoxicity of carbamazepine and its UV photolysis transformation products

Hidroquímica Y Contaminantes Emergentes en Aguas Residuales Urbano Industriales De Morelia, Michoacán, México

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