Environmental Implications of Flaring and Venting in Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production

Ngene, Stanley; Tota-Maharaj, Kiran; Eke, Paul Emeka; Hills, Colin D.

doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20160406.13

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Much of the available literature focuses on the environmental impacts; however, Okoye et al 24 argue that one of the biggest effects of gas flaring's adverse effects on the environment is the enormous waste of money required to clean up the environment, pay for medical care, and ultimately lose human capital. Ngene et al 25 reviewed the role of flaring and venting in the production of oil and gas, while Mansoor and Tahir 26 reviewed current gas flaring reduction and utilization techniques for the production of energy-efficient fuels. Importantly, Mansoor and Tahir 26 conclude that an opportunity to be exploited in the use of gas flare is a future clean energy economy, as methane has already shown in the production of energy with the abatement of CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of gas flaring as moderated by government quality in leading natural gas flaring economies

Alola,

Onifade,

Magazzino

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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This study seeks to address pertinent economic and environmental issues associated with natural gas flaring, especially for the world's leading natural gas flaring economies (i.e. Russia, Iraq, Iran, the United States, Algeria, Venezuela, and Nigeria). By applying relevant empirical panel and country-specific approaches, the study found that fuel energy export positively impacts economic growth with elasticity of ~ 0.22 to ~ 0.24 for the panel examination. It is further revealed that environmental quality in the panel is hampered by increase in economic growth, gas flaring, fuel energy export, and urbanization. Moreover, for the country-wise inference, government quality desirably moderates economic and environmental aspects of gas flaring in Venezuela and Nigeria, and in Russia and Iran respectively. However, government quality moderates gas flaring to cause economic downturn in the USA. Additionally, economic growth increased with increase in urbanisation (in Iraq and the USA), gas flaring (in Iran and the USA), government quality (only in the USA), and fuel energy export (only in Algeria) while economic growth downturn is due to increase urbanisation in Russia and the USA, increase in fuel energy export in the USA, and increase in government quality in Russia. Meanwhile, environmental quality is worsened through intense carbon dioxide emission from increased urbanisation activity (in Iraq, Iran, Algeria, and Nigeria), increased fuel energy export (in Nigeria), increased natural gas flaring (in Algeria and Nigeria), increased GDP (in Russia, Iran, USA, Algeria, and Venezuela), and high government quality (in Iran). Interestingly, the result revealed that increase in GDP (in Nigeria), increase in urbanisation (in the USA), and increase in gas flaring (in Algeria and Nigeria) dampens environmental quality. Importantly, this study offers policy insight into sustainable approaches in natural gas production, government effectiveness, and regulatory quality.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of gas flaring as moderated by government quality in leading natural gas flaring economies

Alola,

Onifade,

Magazzino

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…However, the EPA's assessment (2016) found that there were no widespread or systemic impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water. In addition, oil and gas drilling often includes a "flaring" process that releases toxic pollutants like sulfur dioxide into the air, a greenhouse gas that can both accelerate climate change and cause acid rain (Ngene et al, 2016). While natural gas is an attractive alternative to coal because it releases about half as many greenhouse gas emissions (Lomborg, 2012), the release of methane from hydraulic fracturing into the atmosphere still generates greenhouse gasses that can accelerate climate change (Meng & Ashby, 2014).…”

Section: The Benefits and Negative Consequences Of Hydraulic Fracturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

How anger and fear influence policy narratives: Advocacy and regulation of oil and gas drilling in Colorado

Pierce

Miller‐Stevens

Hicks

et al. 2022

Review of Policy Research

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When advocating for policy change, coalitions rely on various elements and strategies of policy narratives, including emotions. However, past research on the Narrative Policy Framework, and more broadly on the policy process, has largely ignored the role of emotions. This paper argues that emotions, such as anger and fear, are central to how coalitions advocate for policy change. It explores the role of anger and fear in policy narratives by examining the oral testimony (n = 474) given over four legislative committee hearings in March 2019 concerning Colorado Senate Bill 19‐181. This bill changed the mission of the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission to prioritize protecting the environment and public health over oil and gas development. This research finds the coalition that successfully supported the bill used anger towards the oil and gas industry, while those that opposed the bill relied more on fear of the uncertain consequences of the bill. It also finds the coalition that opposed the bill relied on self‐characterization as heroes and victims, which was a failed strategy. The implications for this research on the Narrative Policy Framework and, more broadly, for the policy process and advocacy are discussed.

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“…The main aring products are greenhouse gases and black carbon (BC) [5,6]. Flaring gas negatively affects human health, causing cancer, lung damage, neurological and skin problems, reproductive and blood issues, emphysema, bronchitis, respiratory irritation, asthma, shortness of breath, mortalities, and developmental effects [7][8][9]. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are considered to be the primary sources of acid rain when they react with atmospheric moisture to form sulfuric and nitric acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concentration of Black Carbon Emissions From Natural Gas Flaring Activities in Basra Province, Iraq

Alsabbagh

2024

Preprint

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Black carbon (BC) is generated from various sources of incomplete combustion. Both black carbon and particulate matter are emitted from flares, posing risks to health and contributing to climate change. This study focuses on assessing air pollution distribution in Basra Province by monitoring black carbon (BC) emissions. BC concentrations were measured using an aethalometer at sites rich in oilfields within Basra Province. These sites included six degassing stations (Tuba, Alluhais, Artawi, North Rumaila, Majnoon, and Nahran Omar) and two power plants (Alnajebia and Shatt Albasra). Along with wind direction, air velocity and wind speed were also recorded. All the sites were engaged in natural gas flaring. The BC concentrations were evaluated against the recommended exposure limit (REL). In winter, the average BC concentration was 5.66±1.49μg/m3; the lowest concentration was 3.7μg/m3 at the Majnoon oilfield, and the highest was 7.85μg/m3 at the Artawi Degassing Station—approximately eight times the REL. In spring, the average BC concentration was 4.94±1.28μg/m3; the lowest was 3.3μg/m3 at the Majnoon oilfield, and the highest was 7.05μg/m3 at the Altuba Degassing Station—around seven times the REL. Concentrations of BC at all monitored sites exceeded the REL. High BC levels in industrial areas are attributed to natural gas flaring. Incomplete combustion at these sites led to the emission of elevated concentrations of black carbon.

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Environmental Implications of Flaring and Venting in Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

The effects of gas flaring as moderated by government quality in leading natural gas flaring economies

The effects of gas flaring as moderated by government quality in leading natural gas flaring economies

How anger and fear influence policy narratives: Advocacy and regulation of oil and gas drilling in Colorado

The Concentration of Black Carbon Emissions From Natural Gas Flaring Activities in Basra Province, Iraq

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