Environmental impact of the cultivation of energy willow in Poland

Kowalczyk, Z.; Kwaśniewski, D.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84120-0

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This, and the high content of nutrients, allows using its solid fraction for fertilization. Due to the high level of salinity, which may limit their purification processes, managing the liquid part can be problematic [ 69 , 70 ]. Moreover, the author draws attention to the risk of contamination of the digestate with heavy metals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Possibilities for the Use of Selected Waste in Terms of Biogas Yield and Further Use of Its Digestate in Agriculture

et al. 2022

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The utilization of municipal waste and sewage sludge as a source of energy is technically very difficult due to high variability of their physical and chemical properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the conversion of biomass contained in the whitewater fraction of municipal waste and sewage sludge by means of methanogenesis. The second objective was to assess the chemical composition of the digestate in the context of its use for fertilizer purposes. The whitewater fraction of municipal waste and sewage sludge was subjected to methanogenesis under static experimental conditions, according to DIM DIN 38414 methodology. The methanogenesis of concentrated substrates used in agricultural biogas plants was taken as a reference to evaluate the efficiency of the process. The organic fraction of the municipal waste was characterized by approximately 30% lower value of the soluble COD, with a comparable level of total COD compared to other materials. The total biogas yield, i.e., 404 dm3 per 1 kg of dry weight of the batch, was measured in the facility with sewage sludge. In COD value, this is 0.232 dm3·g O2 COD. In the case of corn, these values were, respectively, 324 dm3 and 0.193, and for the organic sub-sieve fraction of municipal waste, 287 dm3·kg−1 dw or 0.178 dm3·g O2 COD, respectively. The type of fermented material did not affect the intensity of biogas production. The maximum level of biogas production occurred between the 13th and 15th day of the process. The digestate obtained in the process of methanogenesis of corn silage and the organic fraction of municipal waste was characterized by good parameters in terms of possible use for fertilization purposes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Possibilities for the Use of Selected Waste in Terms of Biogas Yield and Further Use of Its Digestate in Agriculture

et al. 2022

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“…In [19,20], the authors proved the significant impact of the territorial location of raw materials relative to the points of their processing on the value of agricultural production projects. The approach proposed in [21] for the production of raw materials for fuel, as well as the dynamic model presented in [22], ensure that certain components of the design environment are taken into account. These works were important achievements that can be used as tools for managing technologically integrated projects.…”

Section: Analysis Of Literature Data and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy and Stakeholder Risk Management in Integrated Projects of the European Green Deal

et al. 2022

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The article analyzed the state of the global problem of ecological safety of the EU and argued the need to create a methodology for planning technologically integrated projects of the “European Green Deal” (TIP “EGD”) that accounts for the risks to the stakeholders, i.e., the state, project executors, resource suppliers, project managers, and clients. Each of these has an individual set of values that determines the project risk for them. Herein is proposed a taxonomy of three ranks of TIP “EGD” involving agricultural waste, determined by their characteristics, products, and requirements for the stakeholders. The authors point out the need to create tools for quantitative risk assessment for the stakeholders of TIP “EGD” involving agricultural waste and distinguish four groups of risk components with regard to the value of such projects. A model of value risk formation is presented that addresses the risk management of each of these stakeholder values. The need to develop tools (models, methods, and algorithms) for quantitative risk assessment of the values of each type of project is discussed. Regularities in the formation of stakeholder values, which were a foundation of the model of formation, are established.

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“…The above analysis clearly shows that the renewable energy potential for the CIS countries is mainly in hydropower, except Ukraine and Belarus, as well as Moldova and Kazakhstan [85][86][87][88]. In CIS, the distribution of renewable energy potential is distinctly different than in the EU, where it is significantly distributed over different types of energy.…”

Section: The Current State Of the Energy Potential And Renewable Ener...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The RES in the Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States: Potential and Production from 2015 to 2019

et al. 2021

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Amidst the changes and adjustments of the international energy situation, the leading trend is to shift from fossil fuels to low-carbon fuels, and ultimately, to enter the era of sustainable energy, based mainly on renewable energy. The ongoing changes in global security of energy supply and the high volatility of fossil energy prices also stimulate investment in alternative energy sources, making renewable energy sources (RES) one of the rapidly growing elements in the global energy system. This article fills the research gap by analyzing the potential of using renewable energy in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in the years 2015–2018. The authors address the energy potential in the years 2015–2019, and energy consumption in the years 2015–2018 as the potential of RES in the CIS countries was not researched after 2014. Please note that the study covers the CIS countries, along with Georgia and Ukraine, which are no longer formal members of the Community, but have been included for cognitive and comparative purposes. Upon comparing the increase in energy production in the CIS countries to the average increase for the European Union (EU) countries, the value of this increase is observably higher than the average for the EU countries only in Ukraine. However, the average for the entire CIS is much lower than the EU average, therefore in CIS countries, the changes in the volume of RES energy production are varied. In some countries, there is a significant increase in the production of this type of energy (e.g., Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Georgia). However, there are also countries in which the changes are negligible, or which noted significant drops in RES energy production (Uzbekistan, Moldova, Russia, Armenia). The findings contribute to the RES market debate and the international relations theory by comparing political factors with territorial and economic factors.

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Environmental impact of the cultivation of energy willow in Poland

Cited by 9 publications

References 71 publications

Assessment of the Possibilities for the Use of Selected Waste in Terms of Biogas Yield and Further Use of Its Digestate in Agriculture

Assessment of the Possibilities for the Use of Selected Waste in Terms of Biogas Yield and Further Use of Its Digestate in Agriculture

Taxonomy and Stakeholder Risk Management in Integrated Projects of the European Green Deal

The RES in the Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States: Potential and Production from 2015 to 2019

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