Environmental feasibility of re-use of electric vehicle batteries

Ahmadi, Leila; Yip, Arthur; Fowler, Michael; Young, Steven B.; Fraser, Roydon

doi:10.1016/j.seta.2014.01.006

Cited by 130 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…China vs. Scandinavia). This is supported by a similar study [10] that reports the emitted CO 2eq for the production of an EV battery system is approximately twice that of an ICE vehicle and represents 35% of the combined emissions for both production and vehicle use.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

“…To illustrate the complexity within a realworld system, Table 1 10 can significantly inhibit a number of EOL options for the ESS. The challenges associated with module disassembly due to battery tab welding are explored within [10], whereas the authors within [22] extend the discussion and highlight the importance of considering methods of cell-tocell fastening and joining at the battery system design stage of the development process.…”

Section: Market Overview For Electrified Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 6 End-of-Life (EOL) for the vehicle's ESS has been defined as the battery having a SOH of 80% [7,[10][11][12][13]. However, a number of studies highlight the apparent arbitrary nature of this threshold value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential volume of EVs that exists within the market is a key measure when considering different EOL strategies. This is discussed with [10,12], within the context of the installed energy capacity for new V2G applications and 2 nd -life grid storage solutions. Within the context of remanufacturing, the potential volume of electrified vehicles underpins the security of supply for the core.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerated energy capacity measurement of lithium-ion cells to support future circular economy strategies for electric vehicles

Groenewald

Grandjean

Marco

2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Within the academic and industrial communities there has been an increasing desire to better understand the sustainability of producing vehicles that contain embedded electrochemical energy storage. Underpinning a number of studies that evaluate different circular economy strategies for the electric vehicle (EV) or Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) battery system are implicit assumptions about the retained capacity or State of Health (SOH) of the battery. International standards and best-practice guides exist that address the performance evaluation of both EV and HEV battery systems. However, a common theme is that the test duration can be excessive and last for a number of hours. The aim of this research is to assess whether energy capacity measurements of Li-ion cells can be accelerated; reducing the test duration to a value that may facilitate further EOL options. Experimental results are presented that highlight it is possible to significantly reduce the duration of the battery characterisation test by 70% -90% while still retaining levels of measurement accuracy for retained energy capacity in the order of 1% for cell temperatures equal to 25 0 C. Even at elevated temperatures of 40 0 C, the peak measurement error was found to be only 3%. Based on these experimental results, a simple cost-function is formulated to highlight the flexibility of the proposed test framework. This approach would allow different organizations to prioritize the relative importance of test accuracy verses experimental test time when grading used Li-ion cells for different end-of-life (EOL) applications.

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supporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Market Overview For Electrified Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerated energy capacity measurement of lithium-ion cells to support future circular economy strategies for electric vehicles

Groenewald

Grandjean

Marco

2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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“…91 In case of charging with renewable electricity during the second life, the overall carbon footprint of the battery (in terms of kg CO 2 equiv/kWh) can be decreased by up to 50%. 91 Ahmadi et al 93,94 concluded that GHG emission benefits of vehicle electrification could be doubled by extending the life of BEV batteries. Faria et al 95 …”

Section: Modeling the Second-life Battery And V2g Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and critical aspects in the life-cycle assessment of battery electric cars

Helmers¹,

Weiss²

2017

EECT

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Concerns over climate change, air pollution, and oil supply have stimulated the market for battery electric vehicles (BEVs). The environmental impacts of BEVs are typically evaluated through a standardized life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Here, the LCA literature was surveyed with the objective to sketch the major trends and challenges in the impact assessment of BEVs. It was found that BEVs tend to be more energy efficient and less polluting than conventional cars. BEVs decrease exposure to air pollution as their impacts largely result from vehicle production and electricity generation outside of urban areas. The carbon footprint of BEVs, being highly sensitive to the carbon intensity of the electricity mix, may decrease in the nearby future through a shift to renewable energies and technology improvements in general. A minority of LCAs covers impact categories other than carbon footprint, revealing a mixed picture. There has been little attention paid so far in LCA to the efficiency advantage of BEVs in urban traffic, the gap between on-road and certified energy consumption, the local exposure to air pollutants and noise and the aging of emissions control technologies in conventional cars. Improvements of BEV components, directed charging, second-life reuse of vehicle batteries, as well as vehicle-to-home and vehicleto-grid applications will significantly reduce the environmental impacts of BEVs in the future.

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General Procedure of theBMSDesign

2022

Battery Management System and Its Applications

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Environmental feasibility of re-use of electric vehicle batteries

Cited by 130 publications

References 37 publications

Accelerated energy capacity measurement of lithium-ion cells to support future circular economy strategies for electric vehicles

Accelerated energy capacity measurement of lithium-ion cells to support future circular economy strategies for electric vehicles

Advances and critical aspects in the life-cycle assessment of battery electric cars

General Procedure of theBMSDesign

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