Environmental factors underlying spatial patterns of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) associated with leishmaniasis in southern Sinai, Egypt

Diversity of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in southwest Iran with emphasis on synanthropy of Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus alexandri

“…Mean humidity and temperature in Shush and Khorramshahr were more or less the same during the study, but annual precipitation in Shush (236.8 mm) was more than two folds that in Khorramshahr (112.4 mm). Kassem et al (2012) have shown that elevation and climatic conditions were limiting determinants for the distributions of sand flies in southern Sinai. They indicated the highly diverse landscape and environmental factors (geology, hydrology, elevation, maximum and minimum air temperature, relative humidity and annual precipitation) have been associated with species diversity of sand flies in some parts of Egypt.…”

Species diversity of sand flies and ecological niche model of Phlebotomus papatasi in central Iran

“…This form of the diseases has 700,000-1. Activity and presence of sand flies, like most other insects, is affected by environmental variables such as land use, land cover, altitude, soil type, temperature and so on (Elnaiem et al, 1998;Hassan et al, 2000;Ferreira et al, 2001;Kassem et al, 2012). Irrigation, dam construction and other development projects, deforestation and urbanization have all resulted in changes in vector population densities.…”

Spatially Correlated Time Series and Ecological Niche Analysis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Afghanistan

“…These approaches were used to investigate the dynamic pattern of the disease over different temporal and spatial scales. Geospatial and spatio-temporal techniques as well as ecological niche analysis are very common approaches to study the association between environmental layers and leishmaniasis (see, for example, [38,49,50,51]).…”