Environmental Factors Associated with<i>Bartonella vinsonii</i>subsp.<i>berkhoffii</i>Seropositivity in Free-Ranging Coyotes from Northern California

Beldoménico, Pablo Martín; Chomel, Bruno B; Foley, Janet E.; Sacks, Benjamin N.; Baldi, Cecilia J.; Kasten, Rick W.; Gardner, Ian A.

doi:10.1089/vbz.2005.5.110

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Results from proportional odds and adjacent categories models suggested that dogs with either D. immitis infection or A. (1). Interestingly, primarily outdoor dogs were not found to be more likely to have elevated Bartonella IFA titers than other dogs, and flea control was not protective against Bartonella exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Gray Foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) as a Potential Reservoir of aBartonella clarridgeiae-Like Bacterium and Domestic Dogs as Part of a Sentinel System for Surveillance of Zoonotic Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Northern California

et al. 2007

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Two species of Bartonella, a novel Bartonella clarridgeiae-like bacterium and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, were isolated from rural dogs and gray foxes in northern California. A novel B. clarridgeiae-like species was isolated from 3 (1.7%) of 182 dogs and 22 (42%) of 53 gray foxes, while B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was isolated from 1 dog (0.5%) and 5 gray foxes (9.4%). PCR and DNA sequence analyses of the citrate synthase (gltA) gene and the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region suggested that strains infecting dogs and gray foxes were identical. Fifty-four dogs (29%) and 48 gray foxes (89%) had reciprocal titers of antibodies against Bartonella spp. of >64. The high prevalence of bacteremia and seroreactivity to Bartonella spp. in gray foxes suggests that they may act as a reservoir species for the B. clarridgeiae-like species in this region. Domestic dogs were also tested for other arthropod-borne infectious agents. Fifty-one dogs (28%) were positive for Dirofilaria immitis antigen, seventyfour (40%) were seroreactive to Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and five (2.7%) were seropositive for Yersinia pestis. Fourteen dogs (7.6%) were PCR positive for A. phagocytophilum. Polytomous logistic regression models were used to assess the association of Bartonella antibody titer categories with potential risk factors and the presence of other vector-borne agents in domestic dogs. Older dogs were more likely to be seroreactive to Bartonella spp. There was no association between the exposure of dogs to Bartonella and the exposure of dogs to A. phagocytophilum in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Gray Foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) as a Potential Reservoir of aBartonella clarridgeiae-Like Bacterium and Domestic Dogs as Part of a Sentinel System for Surveillance of Zoonotic Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Northern California

et al. 2007

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“…For example, the long-debated capability of ticks to serve as vectors for Bartonella has recently been demonstrated (354), and biting flies are known to play an important role in the transmission of Bartonella among ruminants where they are predominant bloodsucking parasites (122,279). Coincident with the prevalence of the common arthropod vectors, the Bartonella infection rate among mammals is usually higher in warm, humid areas than in cold, arid ones (29,206) and higher in wildlife than in domestic animals (e.g., 15 to 30% in pet cats [91,166,167] compared to up to 50% in feral cats [173]). The relationship between Bartonella and the different vectors has been comprehensively reviewed elsewhere (89).…”

Section: Host Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intruders below the Radar: Molecular Pathogenesis of Bartonella spp

2012

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SUMMARY Bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that employ a unique stealth infection strategy comprising immune evasion and modulation, intimate interaction with nucleated cells, and intraerythrocytic persistence. Infections with Bartonella are ubiquitous among mammals, and many species can infect humans either as their natural host or incidentally as zoonotic pathogens. Upon inoculation into a naive host, the bartonellae first colonize a primary niche that is widely accepted to involve the manipulation of nucleated host cells, e.g., in the microvasculature. Consistently, in vitro research showed that Bartonella harbors an ample arsenal of virulence factors to modulate the response of such cells, gain entrance, and establish an intracellular niche. Subsequently, the bacteria are seeded into the bloodstream where they invade erythrocytes and give rise to a typically asymptomatic intraerythrocytic bacteremia. While this course of infection is characteristic for natural hosts, zoonotic infections or the infection of immunocompromised patients may alter the path of Bartonella and result in considerable morbidity. In this review we compile current knowledge on the molecular processes underlying both the infection strategy and pathogenesis of Bartonella and discuss their connection to the clinical presentation of human patients, which ranges from minor complaints to life-threatening disease.

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“…A more recent study performed by Beldomenico et al . (2005) established a strong statistical correlation between An.…”

Section: Clinical Studies and Serosurveys In Cats Dogs And Coyotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector transmission ofBartonellaspecies with emphasis on the potential for tick transmission

Billeter

Levy

Chomel

et al. 2008

Medical Vet Entomology

261

234

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. Bartonella species are gram-negative bacteria that infect erythrocytes, endothelial cells and macrophages, often leading to persistent blood-borne infections. Because of the ability of various Bartonella species to reside within erythrocytes of a diverse number of animal hosts, there is substantial opportunity for the potential uptake of these blood-borne bacteria by a variety of arthropod vectors that feed on animals and people. Five Bartonella species are transmitted by lice, fleas or sandflies. However, Bartonella DNA has been detected or Bartonella spp. have been cultured from numerous other arthropods. This review discusses Bartonella transmission by sandflies, lice and fleas, the potential for transmission by other vectors, and data supporting transmission by ticks. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or culture methods have been used to detect Bartonella in ticks, either questing or host-attached, throughout the world. Case studies and serological or molecular surveys involving humans, cats and canines provide indirect evidence supporting transmission of Bartonella species by ticks. Of potential clinical relevance, many studies have proposed co-transmission of Bartonella with other known tick-borne pathogens. Currently, critically important experimental transmission studies have not been performed for Bartonella transmission by many potential arthropod vectors, including ticks.

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Environmental Factors Associated withBartonella vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffiiSeropositivity in Free-Ranging Coyotes from Northern California

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Gray Foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) as a Potential Reservoir of aBartonella clarridgeiae-Like Bacterium and Domestic Dogs as Part of a Sentinel System for Surveillance of Zoonotic Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Northern California

Gray Foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) as a Potential Reservoir of aBartonella clarridgeiae-Like Bacterium and Domestic Dogs as Part of a Sentinel System for Surveillance of Zoonotic Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Northern California

Intruders below the Radar: Molecular Pathogenesis of Bartonella spp

Vector transmission ofBartonellaspecies with emphasis on the potential for tick transmission

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