Environmental change in the Limfjord, Denmark (ca 7500–1500 cal yrs BP): a multiproxy study

Lewis, John W.; Ryves, David B.; Rasmussen, Peter; Knudsen, Karen Luise; Petersen, Kaj Strand; Olsen, Jesper; Leng, Melanie J.; Kristensen, Peter; McGowan, Suzanne; Philippsen, Bente

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.05.020

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…was reconstructed from diatoms [36]. The δ 13 C values also correlate with a diatom-inferred quantitative reconstruction of surface salinity and can thus be used as a proxy for salinity estimation in the photic zone.…”

Section: Sediment Core Samples From the Limfjordmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It is therefore possible to study the influence of the freshwater reservoir effect on radiocarbon dates in the Limfjord over long time scales. Details on this study area are provided in [31,33,36,37].…”

Section: Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other sample types and measurements from this core, e.g. stable isotope measurements, are described in detail in [33,36].…”

Section: Sediment Core From the Limfjordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The percentage of marine foraminifera species indicates bottom-water salinity [33,36]. The surface-water salinity http://www.heritagesciencejournal.com/content/1/1/24 Radiocarbon dates of shells and terrestrial macrofossils from a sediment core at Kilen, Limfjorden, Denmark.…”

Section: Sediment Core Samples From the Limfjordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dating

2013

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The freshwater reservoir effect can result in anomalously old radiocarbon ages of samples from lakes and rivers. This includes the bones of people whose subsistence was based on freshwater fish, and pottery in which fish was cooked. Water rich in dissolved ancient calcium carbonates, commonly known as hard water, is the most common reason for the freshwater reservoir effect. It is therefore also called hardwater effect. Although it has been known for more than 60 years, it is still less well-recognized by archaeologists than the marine reservoir effect. The aim of this study is to examine the order of magnitude and degree of variability of the freshwater reservoir effect over short and long timescales. Radiocarbon dating of recent water samples, aquatic plants, and animals, shows that age differences of up to 2000 14 C years can occur within one river. The freshwater reservoir effect has also implications for radiocarbon dating of Mesolithic pottery from inland sites of the Ertebølle culture in Northern Germany. The surprisingly old ages of the earliest pottery most probably are caused by a freshwater reservoir effect. In a sediment core from the Limfjord, northern Denmark, the impact of the freshwater reservoir effect on radiocarbon dating in an estuarine environment is examined. Here, freshwater influence causes reservoir ages to vary between 250 and 700 14 C years during the period 5400 BC -AD 700. The examples in this study show clearly that the freshwater reservoir effect can seriously corrupt radiocarbon dating at inland sites. Reservoir effects should therefore be considered whenever food remains on pottery or the bones of omnivores are radiocarbon dated -irrespective of the site's distance to the coast.

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Section: Sediment Core Samples From the Limfjordmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other sample types and measurements from this core, e.g. stable isotope measurements, are described in detail in [33,36].…”

Section: Sediment Core From the Limfjordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sediment Core Samples From the Limfjordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dating

2013

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“…The high ΔR value is followed by a series of negative ΔR values in concert with depleted δ 13 C shell values, indicating terrestrial derived DIC which has younger radiocarbon ages and lower δ 13 C values than ocean DIC ( Figure 5). (Lewis et al, 2013) shown along with selected geochemical data. The diatom inferred salinities (DIsalinity), the summed abundance of marine foraminifera species (>25‰, including the taxa Elphidium incertum, Elphidium magellanicum, Elphidium margaritaceum, Haynesina depressula, Bulimina marginata and Stainforthia spp.…”

Section: δR δ 13 C Shell and δ 18 O Shell Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid- to late-Holocene reservoir-age variability and isotope-based palaeoenvironmental reconstruction in the Limfjord, Denmark

et al. 2013

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Palaeoenvironmental and 14 C reservoir age variability in the Limfjord, a sound through northern Jutland, Denmark, was investigated for the period 7300 to 1300 cal yr BP. Shells and bulk sediment samples from a core from a former inlet, Kilen, were analysed by radiocarbon dating and stable isotope (C/N) measurements. A strong correlation between the C/N ratios and δ 13 C values verifies that these are good carbon source indicators and thus allow environmental reconstructions. Furthermore, δ 13 C values are correlated with salinity in the photic zone, inferred quantitatively from diatom assemblages. They are therefore used to differentiate between brackish and marine palaeo-conditions. 14 C reservoir ages of shells vary from ΔR=−140 to +300 14 C years. Between 7300 and 5400 cal. yr BP, reservoir age and stable isotope values are highly variable and indicate mixing of marine water and brackish surface waters with hard water effects. After 5400 cal. yr BP, the ΔR values stabilise and show an increasingly marine environment, with 14 C reservoir ages close to 400 years (ΔR=0). After 2000 cal. yr BP, Kilen becomes brackish. Reservoir ages and stable isotope values are again highly variable and δ 13 C and C/N values are no longer correlated. Before 4000 cal. yr BP, δ 15 N values vary by only 1‰ and do not reflect the changes in the marine environment. A δ 15 N increase between 3500 and 2000 cal. yr BP signifies enhanced organic productivity or a change in agricultural practices.

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Long‐term perspectives on terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycling from palaeolimnology

et al. 2015

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Lakes are active processors and collectors of carbon (C) and thus recognized as quantitatively important within the terrestrial C cycle. Better integration of palaeolimnology (lake sediment core analyses) with limnological C budgeting approaches has the potential to enhance understanding of lacustrine C processing and sequestration. Palaeolimnology simultaneously assimilates materials from across lake habitats, terrestrial watersheds, and airsheds to provide a uniquely broad overview of the terrestrial-atmospheric-aquatic linkages across different spatial scales. The examination of past changes over decadal-millennial timescales via palaeolimnology can inform understanding and prediction of future changes in C cycling. With a particular, but not exclusive, focus on northern latitudes we examine the methodological approaches of palaeolimnology, focusing on how relatively standard and well-tested techniques might be applied to address questions of relevance to the C cycle. We consider how palaeolimnology, limnology, and sedimentation studies might be linked to provide more quantitative and holistic estimates of lake C cycling and budgets. Finally, we use palaeolimnological examples to consider how changes such as terrestrial vegetation shifts, permafrost thaw, the formation of new lakes and reservoirs, hydrological modification of inorganic C processing, land use change, soil erosion and disruption to global nitrogen and phosphorus cycles might influence lake C cycling. © 2015 The Authors. WIREs Water published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. How to cite this article:WIREs Water 2016Water , 3:211-234. doi: 10.1002Water /wat2.1130 INTRODUCTION Q uantification of the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle is paramount to understanding global climate change, and lakes, as 'landscape chimneys,' play a key role in terrestrial C processing.1 Most lakes are considered to be net C sources to the atmosphere, emitting carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ), and are highly active C processing hotspots.1-4 Yet lakes also simultaneously sequester C in their sediments, comprising one of the largest stores of organic C (OC) on the continents. [5][6][7][8] A major challenge therefore exists in trying to quantify relative rates of C evasion versus sequestration in lakes and the influence this has on C fluxes from land, through river basins and to the ocean. Global estimates suggest that annual net lake C evasion exceeds sequestration and inland waters receive 1.9 PgC year −1 from streams and rivers of which 0.2 PgC year −1 accumulates as sediment, 0.8 PgC year −1 is evaded to the atmosphere and 0.9 PgC year −1 is delivered to the oceans, 9 although the rates of C evasion in lakes 4 and rivers 10 might be higher. Therefore, the 'active pipe model' highlights that lakes are not simply passive vessels for C transport, but play a critical role in C processing of sufficient magnitude to alter regional C budgets. 9 In this review, we outline the contribution that the long-term and integrative perspective offered by palaeolimnology can make in un...

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Environmental change in the Limfjord, Denmark (ca 7500–1500 cal yrs BP): a multiproxy study

Cited by 22 publications

References 56 publications

The freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dating

The freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dating

Mid- to late-Holocene reservoir-age variability and isotope-based palaeoenvironmental reconstruction in the Limfjord, Denmark

Long‐term perspectives on terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycling from palaeolimnology

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