Environmental building policy by the use of microalgae and decreasing of risks for Canadian oil sand sector development

Abstract

Environmental building recommendations aimed towards new environmental policies and management-changing decisions which as example demonstrated in consideration of the problems of Canadian oil sands operators. For the implementation of the circular economic strategy, we use an in-depth analysis of reported environmental after-consequence on all stages of the production process. The study addressed the promotion of innovative solutions for greenhouse gas emission, waste mitigation, and risk of falling in oil prices for operators of oil sands with creating market opportunities. They include the addition of microalgae biomass in tailings ponds for improvement of the microbial balance for the water speedily cleaning, recycling, and reusing with mitigation of GHG emissions. The use of food scraps for the nutrition of microalgae will reduce greenhouse gas emission minimally, on 0.33 MtCOeq for Alberta and 2.63 MtCOeq/year for Canada. Microalgae-derived biofuel can reduce this emission for Alberta on 11.9-17.9 MtCOeq and for Canada on 71-106 MtCOeq/year, and the manufacturing of other products will adsorb up to 135.6 MtCO and produce 99.2 MtO. The development of the Live Conserve Industry and principal step from non-efficient protection of the environment to its cultivation in a large scale with mitigation of GHG emission and waste as well as generating of O and value-added products by the use of microalgae opens an important shift towards a new design and building of a biological system.

Utilization of centrate from urban wastewater plants for the production of Scenedesmus sp. in a raceway-simulating reactor

“…Microalgae technology is attracting increased attention as a result of the development of renewable fuel production processes (Avagyan, 2008). At present, mass algal-based fuel commercialization is impeded due to the relatively low saponifiable lipid content of biomass feedstock as well as the techno-economic barriers and the viability concerns (Avagyan, 2017;Davis et al, 2016). These barriers are attributed to the high operation costs, due mainly to the use of fertilizers, energy and fresh water for the cultivation, which decreases the sustainability and competitiveness of microalgaeebased technologies (Davis et al, 2016;Zhou et al, 2014;Zhu and Hiltunen, 2016).…”

“…Therefore, a coupled process combining waste treatment processes, particularly wastewater, to microalgae energy-rich biomass production could be an economically feasible option -microalgae cultivation in wastewater provides bioremediation while reducing the costs of algal feedstock production as well as effluent treatment (Avagyan, 2017(Avagyan, , 2008. Indeed, wastewater algae-based treatment offers a promising route for an environmentally friendly technology (Avagyan, 2017).…”

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that wastewater could fulfill the microalgae growth requirements for macro and micronutrients (Avagyan, 2017;Osundeko and Pittman, 2014). Microalgae can use a wide range of effluents (Avagyan, 2017).…”

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that wastewater could fulfill the microalgae growth requirements for macro and micronutrients (Avagyan, 2017;Osundeko and Pittman, 2014). Microalgae can use a wide range of effluents (Avagyan, 2017). Centrate is one of the richest urban primary nutrient streams of nitrogen and phosphorus as well as of micronutrients; thus, it has been reported as potentially supporting microalgae growth (Morales-Amaral et al, 2015a, b;Osundeko and Pittman, 2014;Zhou et al, 2012a).…”

“…Centrate is one of the richest urban primary nutrient streams of nitrogen and phosphorus as well as of micronutrients; thus, it has been reported as potentially supporting microalgae growth (Morales-Amaral et al, 2015a, b;Osundeko and Pittman, 2014;Zhou et al, 2012a). However, at high centrate concentrations, the nitrogen content might be toxic for microalgae, particularly in the form of ammonium, at concentrations above 100 mg/L (Collos and Harrison, 2014;Ji et al, 2014;Morales-Amaral et al, 2015a); not to mention many other compounds such as phenols, organic pollutants, pesticides and heavy metals, which at high concentrations might also inhibit growth (Avagyan, 2017;Dong et al, 2014;. However, Chlorella has high commercial productivity in such wastewater with their water dilution to the following contents: above total N (3 g/L), NH 4 (1 g/L), chemical oxygen demand (12 gO 2 /l), and biological oxygen demand (9gO 2 /l) (Avagyan, 2013(Avagyan, , 2011.…”