Environmental behavior and analysis of agricultural sulfur

Griffith, Corey M.; Woodrow, James E.; Seiber, James N.

doi:10.1002/ps.4067

Cited by 46 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the particular case of vineyards, an important contribution for soil acidification can result from the applications of elemental sulfur (S 0 ) in vines (Klikocka et al, 2015). In fact, S has been used extensively since long time as a protective measure against crop diseases, especially in the growing season (Griffith et al, 2015). The decrease of soil pH is mainly observed immediately after S application, because a quite fast oxidation of S 0 to SO 4 2À promotes the neutralization by salts precipitation .…”

Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of Vineyard Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term application of the organic and inorganic pesticides in vineyards: Environmental record of past use

Patinha

Durães

Dias

et al. 2018

Applied Geochemistry

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Areas such as Douro Demarcated Region (Portugal), where vineyards are frequently located on steep slopes of narrow valleys, can be particularly sensitive to runoff and erosion processes. These particular conditions are expected to enhance the transport of pollutants, acting as a potential source of contamination to freshwater systems. The intense vine cultivation in this region includes decades of pesticides application, that have resulted in the accumulation of these chemicals and its degradation products in the vineyards soils and sediments. Residues of several pesticides related to agricultural activities were found in soils, with older vineyards showing higher levels of Cu and banned insecticides (such as DDT). The metabolite 4,4-DDE was the compound found at higher levels in soils and in sediments. The relatively high levels in more recent sediments suggest that soils are still a source of contamination. Levels of currently used pesticides were low, which is related with their physicochemical properties, the application period, and climacteric conditions.

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Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of Vineyard Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term application of the organic and inorganic pesticides in vineyards: Environmental record of past use

Patinha

Durães

Dias

et al. 2018

Applied Geochemistry

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“…Interestingly, sulfur is the basis of most pesticides in use worldwide (Griffith et al, 2015), and may also enhance pheomelanogenesis. The latter is likely, because exposure to environmental sulfur can affect intracellular sulfhydryls in organisms (Griffith et al, 2015), and the shift from eumelanin to pheomelanin synthesis occurs when sulfhydryls in melanosomes are above certain threshold levels and thus enter the melanogenesis pathway (Ito and Wakamatsu, 2008). The pigmentation change may also have consequences for the ecology of mantled howler monkeys, as the conspicuous color contrast produced by the yellowish coloration may make them more easily detected by predators.…”

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A recent shift in the pigmentation phenotype of a wild Neotropical primate

et al. 2019

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The colors of primates are among the most diverse phenotypes in mammals. These colors are mostly produced by the deposition of melanin pigments in hairs. Many species show considerable variability in pigmentation, but this is always temporarily fixed. Here we report the first rapid change in the pigmentation phenotype of a primate. In the last five years, the pelage of mantled howler monkeys Alouatta palliata inhabiting Costa Rica has started to change from fully black to yellowish, constituting a conspicuous color change. Raman spectroscopy analyses of hairs show that the change is due to a shift toward the production of the sulphurated form of melanin, termed pheomelanin. Most animals with anomalous coloration have been observed in forests surrounding intensive cultivations where sulfur-containing pesticides are frequently used. Exposure to environmental sulfur may increase the availability of sulfhydryls to cells, which may favor pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes and explain the pigmentation shift.

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“…Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram inferir que uma boa cobertura da panícula e dos maturis com enxofre forma uma barreira protetora contra a infecção do fungo. O oídio do cajueiro é muito sensível ao contato com a molécula de enxofre, provavelmente, pela excelente ação fungicida dessa molécula (Griffith et al, 2015). Neste trabalho, o período de proteção conferido pelo enxofre, nas fases fenológicas susceptíveis, retardou o início de epidemia em campo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Influência das épocas de floração e dos períodos de proteção fenológica à infecção do oídio no clone de cajueiro-anão BRS 189

et al. 2017

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A ocorrência do oídio (Pseudoidium anacardii) está correlacionada com a brotação nova do cajueiro e à infecção que se processa em botões, flores e maturis jovens. Tecidos maduros tornam-se naturalmente resistentes ao fungo e, para o controle da doença, é necessária a proteção preventiva com fungicida à base de enxofre. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar as épocas de floração e os períodos de proteção fenológica do cajueiro-anão BRS 189 à infecção de P. anacardii. O experimento foi realizado em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, em que as parcelas foram duas épocas de floração e, as subparcelas, os seis períodos de proteção fenológica. Foram avaliados os graus de severidade do oídio na panícula, no pedúnculo e na castanha e a produção de cajus, durante as duas épocas do fluxo de florações. Verificou-se que as épocas e os períodos de proteção fenológica influenciaram no grau de severidade da doença e na produção de cajus. Para as variáveis de doença, observaram-se menores graus de severidade do oídio para os maiores períodos de proteção fenológica na panícula, no pedúnculo e na castanha. Não houve diferença significativa entre as épocas, quando se avaliaram os períodos de proteção fenológica, em relação ao peso total e pedúnculo, ao passo que, em ambas as épocas, o período de proteção (T6) foi diferente dos demais. Porém, não houve diferença entre épocas e período de proteção fenológica em relação ao peso das castanhas. Os resultados indicam que as épocas do fluxo de florações e os períodos de proteção fenológica interferem na severidade da doença e na produção de cajus do clone BRS 189. Palavras-chaves: Influence of flowering times and phenological protection periods against powdery mildew infection on dwarf cashew BRS 189The occurrence of powdery mildew, Pseudoidium anacardii, is conditioned by new sprouting of the cashew tree and the infection that occurs in buds, flowers, and young maturis (green cashew nuts). Mature tissues naturally become resistant to fungus and, for the control of the disease, preventive protection with a sulfur-based fungicide is necessary. The objective was to verify the flowering time and phenological protection periods in the dwarf cashew BRS 189 against P. anacardii infection. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split-plot scheme with four replications. The main plots were flowering time (time I and II) and split plots were six phenological protection periods. The severity of powdery mildew in the panicle, peduncle, and cashew nuts and cashew production was evaluated. It was verified that the flowering times and the phenological protection periods influenced the severity of the disease and cashew production. For disease variables, lower severities of powdery mildew were observed for the greater phenological protection periods in panicle, peduncle, and chestnuts. There was no significant difference between the

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Environmental behavior and analysis of agricultural sulfur

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

Long-term application of the organic and inorganic pesticides in vineyards: Environmental record of past use

Long-term application of the organic and inorganic pesticides in vineyards: Environmental record of past use

A recent shift in the pigmentation phenotype of a wild Neotropical primate

Influência das épocas de floração e dos períodos de proteção fenológica à infecção do oídio no clone de cajueiro-anão BRS 189

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