Environmental and ecotoxicological effects of drugs used for the treatment of COVID 19

Chacca, Donal Efrain Merma; Maldonado, Ingrid; Vilca, Franz Zirena

doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.940975

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…However, discharging drugs in high concentrations into wastewater has a detrimental impact on the environment and can be a serious threat to the lives of all living organisms. Moreover, some antibiotics such as chloramphenicol and sulphonamides are very toxic when present in sewage [18,19].…”

Section: Drugs Pesticides and Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Biocomposites and Nanocomposites in Eliminating Organic Contaminants from Effluents

Mayet,

Hijji,

Saleh

et al. 2023

Water

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Many contaminants such as heavy metals, dyes and hydrocarbon compounds are annually generated by industrial activities and discharged into water sources. They have destructive impacts on the environment. To eliminate these toxic contaminants from aqueous media, sorption can be considered a proper and efficient process, as it has indicated high efficiency for removing organic contaminants. This paper entails a comprehensive evaluation of different organic pollutants, pros and cons of the sorption process in removing these pollutants, comparing different types of adsorbents and investigating the recyclability of different types of composites. Moreover, the sorption mechanism and kinetic behavior of organic contaminants are investigated using biocomposites and nanocomposites. Moreover, the future perspectives of biocomposites and nanocomposites in eliminating organic compounds are discussed. Based on investigations, a large number of nanocomposites have been utilized for removing organic contaminants with high performance so far, including SiO2/MnFe2O4/ZIF-8 MOF, magnetite/MWCNTs, nano zerovalent iron, barium/Cobalt/polyethylene glycol (PEG), graphene oxide/Fe3O4, kaolin/CuFe2O4 and Fe3O4@UiO-66. Moreover, polyaniline/sodium alginate/Oscillatoria filamentous cyanobacterium biomass, cow bones/zeolite/coconut biocomposite and AC derived from melamine and sucrose are excellent biocomposites in the removal of organic pollutants. Moreover, the reusability study shows that poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Fe3O4 and corn stalk biomass/chitosan/Fe3O4 biocomposites have significant stability compared to other composites in the elimination of organic pollutants.

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Section: Drugs Pesticides and Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Biocomposites and Nanocomposites in Eliminating Organic Contaminants from Effluents

Mayet,

Hijji,

Saleh

et al. 2023

Water

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“…The problem of the lack of spatial (and temporal) selectivity presents adverse effects beyond the patient. When leaving the human body, the drug continues to be active and can cause environmental toxicity [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Environmental toxicity refers to the harmful effects that drugs and other chemicals can have on the environment, including the air, water, soil, and wildlife.…”

Section: Limitations Of Conventional Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Photopharmacological Tool: Dual-Step Luminescence for Biological Tissue Penetration of Light and the Selective Activation of Photodrugs

Menéndez‐Velázquez¹,

García-Delgado²

2023

IJMS

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Conventional pharmacology lacks spatial and temporal selectivity in terms of drug action. This leads to unwanted side effects, such as damage to healthy cells, as well as other less obvious effects, such as environmental toxicity and the acquisition of resistance to drugs, especially antibiotics, by pathogenic microorganisms. Photopharmacology, based on the selective activation of drugs by light, can contribute to alleviating this serious problem. However, many of these photodrugs are activated by light in the UV–visible spectral range, which does not propagate through biological tissues. In this article, to overcome this problem, we propose a dual-spectral conversion technique, which simultaneously makes use of up-conversion (using rare earth elements) and down-shifting (using organic materials) techniques in order to modify the spectrum of light. Near-infrared light (980 nm), which penetrates tissue fairly well, can provide a “remote control” for drug activation. Once near-IR light is inside the body, it is up-converted to the UV–visible spectral range. Subsequently, this radiation is down-shifted in order to accurately adjust to the excitation wavelengths of light which can selectively activate hypothetical and specific photodrugs. In summary, this article presents, for the first time, a “dual tunable light source” which can penetrate into the human body and deliver light of specific wavelengths; thus, it can overcome one of the main limitations of photopharmacology. It opens up promising possibilities for the moving of photodrugs from the laboratory to the clinic.

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“…Novel wastewater-treatment methods seek to remove these recalcitrant, bio--accumulative, and toxic substances while retaining economic feasibility and effi ciency. Additionally, sensitive methods to detect these compounds even at low concentrations are a prerequisite [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of hydroxychloroquine in aqueous solutions under electron beam treatment

Kabasa,

Sun,

Bułka

et al. 2024

Nukleonika

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Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a 4-amino quinoline derivative, has antimalarial and anti-inflammatory activity and was most recently proposed in the treatment of SARS-COVID-19. Its pharmacokinetics and toxic side effects necessitate the monitoring of its presence in the environment and its removal from wastewater. In this study, HCQ was removed from an aqueous solution with a removal efficiency of between 80% and 90% under electron beam (EB) irradiation. The degradation of HCQ was propagated by reactions involving both the hydroxyl radical and aqueous electron. The degradation was observed to follow a pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction. The applied radiation dose, pH, and initial HCQ concentration were influential in the degradation efficiency under EB irradiation. Acidic and alkaline pH favored the removal of HCQ under EB irradiation. Even though the initial HCQ was successfully degraded, it was not completely mineralized. The TOC and chemical oxygen demand (COD) remained at a relatively stable level following EB irradiation of the aqueous solutions. This is attributed to the formation of other organic compounds that were not degraded under the investigated experimental conditions.

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Environmental and ecotoxicological effects of drugs used for the treatment of COVID 19

Cited by 13 publications

References 155 publications

The Role of Biocomposites and Nanocomposites in Eliminating Organic Contaminants from Effluents

The Role of Biocomposites and Nanocomposites in Eliminating Organic Contaminants from Effluents

A Novel Photopharmacological Tool: Dual-Step Luminescence for Biological Tissue Penetration of Light and the Selective Activation of Photodrugs

Degradation of hydroxychloroquine in aqueous solutions under electron beam treatment

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