Entrelaçado, a rare maize race conserved in Southwestern Amazonia

Costa, Flaviane Malaquias; Silva, Natália Carolina de Almeida; Vidal, Rafael; Clement, Charles R.; Alves, Rubana Palhares; Bianchini, Paola Cortez; Haverroth, Moacir; Freitas, Fábio de Oliveira; Veasey, Elizabeth Ann

doi:10.1007/s10722-020-01008-0

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…One of the territories of this co-evolution is the Brazilian Amazon. The breed locally known as “entrelaçado” is endemic to the region and is home to a great diversity of landrace varieties [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in other regions of the country reveal the presence of a great diversity of landraces [ 22 , 23 ], wild relatives, and endemic varieties [ 21 , 24 ], suggesting the recognition of microcenters of species diversity [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. These areas correspond to territories with a strong presence of family farmers, indigenous peoples, and traditional communities [ 28 ], a fact that reinforces the central role of local communities in on-Farm dynamic conservation and their importance for the evolution and adaptation of the species, for instance, facing climate change [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transgene Flow: Challenges to the On-Farm Conservation of Maize Landraces in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region

Fernandes¹,

Silva

Maronhas³

et al. 2022

Plants

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Brazil is one of the largest global producers of genetically modified crops and a center of origin and diversification of relevant species for agriculture and food. Transgenic monocultures occupy around 50 million hectares, whereas smallholder farmers, indigenous people, and traditional communities are responsible for in-situ/on-Farm conservation of local genetic resources. Based on 15 years of expertise in regulating GMOs and in cross-institutional agrobiodiversity conservation projects, this article discusses the challenges regarding the coexistence of these two agricultural models based on transgene flow detection in maize landraces. As part of a broad and unique participatory transgene-flow-monitoring process, 1098 samples of maize landraces were collected in the Brazilian Semi-arid Region between 2018 and 2021 and analyzed using immunochromatographic strips. The tests revealed 34% of samples with presence of GM proteins. It is concluded that the biosafety standards in force in Brazil do not allow the assurance of on-Farm conservation of maize. The sectors that contribute to agrobiodiversity conservation and do not benefit from using GM seeds are taking on the burden of this process. Transgene flow can be reduced by approving and enforcing more effective coexistence rules that consider maize landraces crop areas also as seed-producing areas added to full disclosure of commercial seeds origin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgene Flow: Challenges to the On-Farm Conservation of Maize Landraces in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region

Fernandes¹,

Silva

Maronhas³

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…In general, these varieties have been developed by breeding programs to produce popcorn with a good appearance, crunchy texture, and high yield (Isnaini et al, 2020). However, there is a diversity of maize landraces cultivated by family farmers, indigenous peoples, and traditional communities in Brazil (Costa et al, 2021;Silva et al, 2017). Landraces, also known as traditional varieties, local variety, and ethnovarieties, are varieties developed, adapted or produced by family farmers, settled by agrarian reform or indigenous, with well-defined phenotypic characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Creole species have a great advantage over conventional corn seeds, as most of the latter are hybrids and must be purchased annually, as they lose their genetic quality when reused for the next crop (Araújo et al, 2015;Costa et al, 2021;Silva et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caracterização de sementes de uma variedade crioula de milho pipoca (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) cultivada em sistema orgânico pela Agricultura Familiar

Cheim

Costa²,

Silva³

et al. 2021

RSD

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O consumo de pipoca aumenta progressivamente em todas as regiões do mundo. Variedades crioulas de milho pipoca são cultivadas pela agricultura familiar. Objetivou-se caracterizar uma variedade crioula de milho pipoca (VCP) cultivada em sistema orgânico pelos agricultores familiares. Análises realizadas: caracterização fenotípica e identificação da raça, germinação e vigor; relação espessura/largura, índice de circularidade, esfericidade, diâmetro médio geométrico, relação de diâmetro, volume, área de superfície, ângulo de repouso (AR), massa específica (MEA), peso hectolitro (PH), peso de mil grãos (PMG), cor e classificação conforme requisitos de identidade e qualidade. A VCP é de origem indígena Guarani e pertence à raça Avatí Pichingá Ihú. A variedade apresentou elevado percentual de plântulas normais e pode ser utilizada como semente. As dimensões e os índices calculados apresentaram variação importante entre os grãos, demonstrando ampla diversidade genética, típico de variedades crioulas. O AR baixo, associado às dimensões, caracterizou os grãos da VCP de tamanho pequeno. Os valores superiores para PH, MEA e PMG indicaram maiores teores de endosperma vítreo, dureza e conteúdo de amido. As coordenadas a* e b* indicaram cor vermelha e tendência ao amarelo, respectivamente. O valor baixo para o parâmetro L* indicou cor intensa da VCP. O milho foi classificado como tipo 1 conforme percentual de defeitos físicos, porém a capacidade de expansão apresentou valor abaixo da referência para comercialização. Verifica-se o potencial da variedade estudada para ser usada pelas indústrias, principalmente alimentícia. Pode-se estimular seu cultivo pela agricultura familiar, causando impacto na produção regional do grão e promovendo o resgate do germoplasma.

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In Situ, Ex Situ and On Farm Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources in Neotropics

Siqueira,

Costa,

Novaes

et al. 2023

Conservation Genetics in the Neotropics

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Entrelaçado, a rare maize race conserved in Southwestern Amazonia

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Transgene Flow: Challenges to the On-Farm Conservation of Maize Landraces in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region

Transgene Flow: Challenges to the On-Farm Conservation of Maize Landraces in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region

Caracterização de sementes de uma variedade crioula de milho pipoca (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) cultivada em sistema orgânico pela Agricultura Familiar

In Situ, Ex Situ and On Farm Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources in Neotropics

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