Enterohepatic circulation of bacterial chemotactic peptide in rats with experimental colitis

Hobson, C. H.; Butt, T. J.; Ferry, Dianne M.; Hunter, June; Chadwick, V. S.; Broom, Murray F.

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(88)90560-4

Cited by 87 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…PG-PS may also account for hepatobiliary manifestations induced by experimental bacterial overgrowth in jejunal self-filling blind loops in genetically susceptible Lewis rats [56]. Formylated oligopeptides, such as N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), synthesized by colonic bacteria could be important in the pathophysiology of colonic inflammation and is frequently associated with hepatobiliary complications [25]. An enterohepatic circulation of synthetic FMLP has been demonstrated in the rat.…”

Section: Ibd As the Results Of An Aberrant Intestinal Microflora?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A broken mucosal barrier may then result in increased uptake of bacteria and their products [25] and lead to chronic inflammation and entering a vicious circle when bacterial products, such as FMLP, will undergo enterohepatic circulation and by itself reduce the mucosal barrier even further [26]. Important contributors to the mucosal barrier are epithelial tight junctions and the superficial mucus.…”

Section: Alteration Of the Mucosal Barrier And The Possible Impact Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rationale for Probiotic and Antibiotic Treatment Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Schultz

Schölmerich

Rath³

2003

Dig Dis

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), commonly referred to as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic aggressive disorders which share many similarities concerning pathomechanism and clinical course, but have very distinct features. Both entities are mainly located in areas with high bacterial concentrations, such as the terminal ileum and cecum in Crohn’s disease and the rectum in ulcerative colitis. In recent years, overwhelming evidence accumulated, supporting the hypothesis that IBD are characterized by a genetically determined, overly aggressive immune response towards ubiquitous luminal antigens, especially commensal bacteria and their products. Trials in both human IBD and experimental colitis have demonstrated that broad-spectrum antibiotics may influence the course of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease and antibiotics with narrow activity against the anaerobic fraction of the flora can prevent relapse in Crohn’s disease after surgically induced remission. Since relevant antibiotic strategies can be associated with some side effects, the ongoing research recently focused on alternative methods to modify the intestinal flora in patients with IBD. Clinical observations including few controlled trials, basic research, and animal studies have suggested a potential role for probiotic bacteria within the treatment regimens for IBD. However, the mode of action of these organisms is still largely unclear and in vitro studies are inconclusive. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo data regarding the role of the intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation and possible therapeutic mechanisms of probiotic bacteria relevant to IBD. Furthermore, we will review clinical trials examining the efficacy of antibiotic and probiotic treatment strategies in IBD.

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Section: Ibd As the Results Of An Aberrant Intestinal Microflora?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alteration Of the Mucosal Barrier And The Possible Impact Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationale for Probiotic and Antibiotic Treatment Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Schultz

Schölmerich

Rath³

2003

Dig Dis

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“…Excretion of fMLP increased dose dependently, and in magnitude in the presence of experimental colitis induced approximately 12% of the infused dose was detected at by acetic acid 6 and up to 70-fold when intestinal mucosal each concentration. With constant infusion of sodium permeability was enhanced by dithiothreitol.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Uncoupling of biliary lipid from bile acid secretion by formyl- methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in the rat

et al. 1996

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that has attracted attention as a model bacterial chemotactic A neutrophil chemotactic factor N-formyl-methionylfactor. Studies in healthy rats have shown that normal intesleucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), produced by Escherichia tinal mucosa is almost impermeable to fMLP; however, when coli under conditions of intestinal inflammation, is reintestinal inflammation impairs this mucosal barrier, fMLP ported to circulate enterohepatically in the presence of might gain access to the portal or systemic circulation. 4 experimental colitis, but its effect on bile secretion is Hunter et al. 5 report that hepatic extraction of small pepunclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of fMLP tides (e.g., 2-10 amino acid residues) is determined mainly on bile secretion in a single-pass isolated perfused rat by the hydrophobicity and amino acid sequence. Because liver system. Infusion of fMLP at different concentrafMLP is a hydrophobic tripeptide, this finding is consistent tions (2 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L, and 20 mmol/L) into the portal with the fact that its major excretory pathway is via the bile. vein resulted in excretion into bile in the native form,Enterohepatic circulation of formylpeptide was demonstrated independent of sodium taurocholate (1 mmol/min) infuwhen it was introduced into rat colon, increasing eightfold sion. Excretion of fMLP increased dose dependently, and in magnitude in the presence of experimental colitis induced approximately 12% of the infused dose was detected at by acetic acid 6 and up to 70-fold when intestinal mucosal each concentration. With constant infusion of sodium permeability was enhanced by dithiothreitol. 7 These observataurocholate (1 mmol/min), fMLP (20 mmol/L) increased tions might be relevant to the association between inflammabile flow but decreased phospholipid and cholesterol setory bowel diseases and hepatobiliary disorders such as pericretion. Bile acid secretion was not affected. Phosphocholangitis and sclerosing cholangitis. 8,9 lipid/bile acid molar ratios decreased from 0.069 { 0.002Intestinal permeation of fMLP recently has been studied to 0.038 { 0.002, and cholesterol/bile acid molar ratios extensively 10,11 ; extraction from the portal blood and secretion decreased from 0.0074 { 0.0009 to 0.0029 { 0.0008. Thus, into bile have been demonstrated. However, the effect of administration of fMLP resulted in the uncoupling of fMLP on bile secretion is unclear. The aim of this study was biliary excretion of phospholipid and cholesterol from to characterize the effects of fMLP on bile flow and biliary that of bile acids; this effect proved reversible. The insecretion of bile acids, lipids, and horseradish peroxidase crease in bile flow caused by fMLP infusion appeared to (HRP), a fluid-phase marker of the transcytotic vesicle transresult from osmotic choleresis. When 25 mg of horseradport pathway in the isolated perfused rat liver. We also studish peroxidase, a conventional marker of transcytotic ied associative relationships between fMLP and various bilivesicle transport pathway, was i...

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“…This hypothesis has been refuted by other studies which have been unable to demonstrate ab normalities in bile metabolism in patients with PSC [22], There has been some evidence to support the theory that a proinflammatory bacterial peptide synthesized by colonic bacteria in a rat model may cause sclerosing cholangitis. A toxic bacterial peptide product (N-formyl-Lmethionine-L-leucine-125l-L-tyrosine) was in troduced into the inflamed colon, underwent cnterohepatic circulation, and could be iden tified in the bile [23]. Liver histology showed portal (zone 1) inflammation and eosinophilpolymorphonuclear infiltration around the bile ducts.…”

Section: Nonimmune Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Evolving Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment

Harnois¹,

Lindor²

1997

Dig Dis

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Primary sclerosing cholangitis is an increasingly recognized cause of chronic cholestatic liver disease. The etiology is unknown, although a number of immunologic and nonimmunologic factors have been considered. The most important diagnostic findings are diffuse irregularity and narrowing of extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts. The prognosis varies, and a number of relatively unique complications may develop. No adequate treatment exists, although a number of potential treatments have been evaluated. Liver transplantation still remains the most appropriate treatment for end-stage disease. These various topics related to primary sclerosing cholangitis are reviewed.

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Enterohepatic circulation of bacterial chemotactic peptide in rats with experimental colitis

Cited by 87 publications

References 19 publications

Rationale for Probiotic and Antibiotic Treatment Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Rationale for Probiotic and Antibiotic Treatment Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Uncoupling of biliary lipid from bile acid secretion by formyl- methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in the rat

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Evolving Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment

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