Enriched housing down-regulates the Toll-like receptor 2 response in the mouse brain after experimental stroke

Quattromani, Miriana Jlenia; Cordeau, Pierre; Ruscher, Karsten; Križ, Jasna; Wieloch, Tadeusz

doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2014.02.010

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The infarct included the forelimb representation for all mice, and the subcortical white matter below the target was eliminated in all but two. The variability of photothrombotic stroke volumes (coefficient of variation .43) falls within the range of some of the most recent examples of mouse photothrombotic stroke experiments in the literature (coefficitions of variation .45 9 , .24 10 , .05 11 , .22 12 ) despite the fact that we did not eliminate subjects based on stroke volume. Variability in stroke volume can be due to slight differences in laser scattering, rose Bengal uptake, or individual differences in physiology.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 51%

An automated task for the training and assessment of distal forelimb function in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

Becker

Meyers

Sloan

et al. 2016

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Background Behavioral models relevant to stroke research seek to capture important aspects of motor skill typically impaired in human patients, such as coordination of distal musculature. Such models may focus on mice since many genetic tools are available for use only in that species, and since the training and behavioral demands of mice can differ from rats even for superficially similar behavioral readouts. However, current mouse tests are time consuming to train and score, especially in a manner producing continuous quantification. An automated assay of mouse forelimb function may provide advantages for quantification and speed, and may be useful for many applications including stroke research. New Method We present an automated assay of distal forelimb function. In this task, mice reach forward, grip and pull an isometric handle with a prescribed force. The apparatus partially automates the training process so that mice can be trained quickly and simultaneously. Results Using this apparatus, it is possible to measure long-lasting impairment in success rate, force pulled, latency to pull, and latency to success up to 22 weeks following photothrombotic cortical strokes in mice. Comparison with Existing Method(s) This assessment measures forelimb function as do pellet reach tasks, however it utilizes a different motion and provides automatic measures that can ease and augment the research process. Conclusions This high-throughput behavioral assay can detect long-lasting motor impairments, eliminates the need for subjective scoring, and produces a rich, continuous data set from which many aspects of the reach and grasp motion can be automatically extracted.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 51%

An automated task for the training and assessment of distal forelimb function in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

Becker

Meyers

Sloan

et al. 2016

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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“…When TLR2 expression levels were compared to TLR4 and TLR9 expression levels, it was found that ishemic insult increases TLR2 mRNA level more than the others (Ziegler et al, 2007). Using a reporter protein under murine TLR2 promoter (Lalancette-Hebert et al, 2009), it was found that after the initial increase in TLR2 expression after photothrombotic stroke, there is a subsequent decline in the TLR2 expression levels over the 14 day period monitored (Quattromani et al, 2014). Both TLR2 and TLR4 expression has been associated with microglial cells after ischemia (Hyakkoku et al, 2010; Lehnardt et al, 2007; Ziegler et al, 2007).…”

Section: Toll-like Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of microglia in ischemic focal stroke and recovery: focus on Toll-like receptors

Anttila

Whitaker

Wires

et al. 2017

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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Stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults. Drug treatments that target stroke-induced pathological mechanisms and promote recovery are desperately needed. In the brain, an ischemic event triggers major inflammatory responses that are mediated by the resident microglial cells. In this review, we focus on the microglia activation after ischemic brain injury as a target of immunomodulatory therapeutics. We divide the microglia-mediated events following ischemic stroke into three categories: acute, subacute, and long-term events. This division encompasses the spatial and temporal dynamics of microglia as they participate in the pathophysiological changes that contribute to the symptoms and sequela of a stroke. The importance of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in the outcomes of these pathophysiological changes is highlighted. Increasing evidence shows that microglia have a complex role in stroke pathophysiology and they mediate both detrimental and beneficial effects on stroke outcome. So far, most of the pharmacological studies in experimental models of stroke have focused on neuroprotective strategies which are impractical for clinical applications. Post-ischemic inflammation is long lasting and thus, could provide a therapeutic target for novel delayed drug treatment. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the role of microglia in the recovery process from an ischemic stroke and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of modulating post-ischemic inflammation to promote functional recovery.

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“…Murin neural precursor transfected to express Fluc showed strong migrational activity toward the lesioned hemisphere when transplanted contralaterally. Despite the rather poor spectral resolution of BLI compared to other imaging modalities like MRI, Kim et al (2004) could detect the midline crossing as early as 7 days after grafting (Quattromani et al, 2014). Also intraventricular injection of this cell line into stroke mice resulted in strong recruitment to the lesioned area (Quattromani et al, 2014).…”

Section: Bioluminescence Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the rather poor spectral resolution of BLI compared to other imaging modalities like MRI, Kim et al (2004) could detect the midline crossing as early as 7 days after grafting (Quattromani et al, 2014). Also intraventricular injection of this cell line into stroke mice resulted in strong recruitment to the lesioned area (Quattromani et al, 2014). Intra-arterially injected murine neural progenitors transduced to express Gluc were found to reach the brain, with largest recruitment to the brain when injected 3 days after hypoxia-ischemia (Cordeau et al, 2008).…”

Section: Bioluminescence Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TLRs are expressed by cells of the innate immune system to identify damage-associated patterns released during cell damage. Quattromani et al (2014) successfully used this mouse model to visualize that the inflammatory response in stroke mice is decreased when the animals had access to enriched environment in their cages. The inflammation post stroke was also found to be sex dependent using a transgenic mouse model with Fluc restricted to GFAP positive cells, predominantly astrocytes.…”

Section: Bioluminescence Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of novel optical imaging strategies of the stroke pathology and stem cell therapy in stroke

Aswendt

Adamczak

Tennstaedt

2014

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Transplanted stem cells can induce and enhance functional recovery in experimental stroke. Invasive analysis has been extensively used to provide detailed cellular and molecular characterization of the stroke pathology and engrafted stem cells. But post mortem analysis is not appropriate to reveal the time scale of the dynamic interplay between the cell graft, the ischemic lesion and the endogenous repair mechanisms. This review describes non-invasive imaging techniques which have been developed to provide complementary in vivo information. Recent advances were made in analyzing simultaneously different aspects of the cell graft (e.g., number of cells, viability state, and cell fate), the ischemic lesion (e.g., blood–brain-barrier consistency, hypoxic, and necrotic areas) and the neuronal and vascular network. We focus on optical methods, which permit simple animal preparation, repetitive experimental conditions, relatively medium-cost instrumentation and are performed under mild anesthesia, thus nearly under physiological conditions. A selection of recent examples of optical intrinsic imaging, fluorescence imaging and bioluminescence imaging to characterize the stroke pathology and engrafted stem cells are discussed. Special attention is paid to novel optimal reporter genes/probes for genetic labeling and tracking of stem cells and appropriate transgenic animal models. Requirements, advantages and limitations of these imaging platforms are critically discussed and placed into the context of other non-invasive techniques, e.g., magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, which can be joined with optical imaging in multimodal approaches.

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Enriched housing down-regulates the Toll-like receptor 2 response in the mouse brain after experimental stroke

Cited by 33 publications

References 47 publications

An automated task for the training and assessment of distal forelimb function in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

An automated task for the training and assessment of distal forelimb function in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

Role of microglia in ischemic focal stroke and recovery: focus on Toll-like receptors

A review of novel optical imaging strategies of the stroke pathology and stem cell therapy in stroke

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