Enriched Environment Increases PCNA and PARP1 Levels in <i>Octopus vulgaris</i> Central Nervous System: First Evidence of Adult Neurogenesis in Lophotrochozoa

Bertapelle, Carla; Polese, Gianluca; Cosmo, Anna Di

doi:10.1002/jez.b.22735

Cited by 27 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 140 publications

(199 reference statements)

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“…used, these results indicate that octopuses are able to decrease Δt to correctly solve operant tasks based on chemical information (Figure 4), this might be of importance in predation strategy in the wild where the prey is not closed in a jar, but hidden and ready to escape. However, while we posit that octopus, privileges its chemical stimuli over visual ones, we should appreciate that the two combined increase the probability of success in prey [74,95,96,126]. Our results demonstrate involvement of chemosensory sense in octopus food choice behaviour, and allows a reassessment of the importance of chemical perception in the ecology of octopus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…In captivity, octopus also exhibits cognitive abilities in solving problems, when challenged with artificial tasks. Octopuses could retrieve L-shaped food containers from crevices, with or without visual access and independently from the spatial orientation of containers [32] or learn how to unscrew a jar to reach the food [95]. The data here discussed clearly show the ability of octopuses to open jars during all five discrimination tasks successfully.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Despite the fact that the differences encountered in ∆t are affected by inter-individual variability, that is well known in this animal, and the limited number of specimens used, these results indicate that octopuses are able to decrease ∆t to correctly solve operant tasks based on chemical information (Figure 4), this might be of importance in predation strategy in the wild where the prey is not closed in a jar, but hidden and ready to escape. However, while we posit that octopus, privileges its chemical stimuli over visual ones, we should appreciate that the two combined increase the probability of success in prey [74,95,96,126].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…When both chemical and visual information is available, octopuses combine information from all sensory inputs that they perceive and then the animals can camouflage themselves, escape a predator, or chase prey in the wild, or open jars for food in captivity [32,94,95]. This integration of several sensory inputs may occur at central and/or peripheral levels [74,96], but the relative contribution of each sense remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensorial Hierarchy in Octopus vulgaris’s Food Choice: Chemical vs. Visual

Maselli

Al-Soudy

Buglione

et al. 2020

Animals

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Octopus vulgaris possesses highly sophisticated sense organs, processed by the nervous system to generate appropriate behaviours such as finding food, avoiding predators, identifying conspecifics, and locating suitable habitat. Octopus uses multiple sensory modalities during the searching and selection of food, in particular, the chemosensory and visual cues. Here, we examined food choice in O. vulgaris in two ways: (1) We tested octopus’s food preference among three different kinds of food, and established anchovy as the preferred choice (66.67%, Friedman test p < 0.05); (2) We exposed octopus to a set of five behavioural experiments in order to establish the sensorial hierarchy in food choice, and to evaluate the performance based on the visual and chemical cues, alone or together. Our data show that O. vulgaris integrates sensory information from chemical and visual cues during food choice. Nevertheless, food choice resulted in being more dependent on chemical cues than visual ones (88.9%, Friedman test p < 0.05), with a consistent decrease of the time spent identifying the preferred food. These results define the role played by the senses with a sensorial hierarchy in food choice, opening new perspectives on the O. vulgaris’ predation strategies in the wild, which until today were considered to rely mainly on visual cues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sensorial Hierarchy in Octopus vulgaris’s Food Choice: Chemical vs. Visual

Maselli

Al-Soudy

Buglione

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…complex behaviors, problem solving abilities, play like behavior, learning and memory capabilities, and adult neurogenesis (Wells, 1978; Mather, 1991; Boal, 1996; Kuba et al, 2003; Mather, 2008; Gutnick et al, 2011; Hochner, 2013; Di Cosmo and Polese, 2014; Godfrey-Smith, 2016; Bertapelle et al, 2017)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sense and Insensibility – An Appraisal of the Effects of Clinical Anesthetics on Gastropod and Cephalopod Molluscs as a Step to Improved Welfare of Cephalopods

et al. 2018

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Recent progress in animal welfare legislation stresses the need to treat cephalopod molluscs, such as Octopus vulgaris, humanely, to have regard for their wellbeing and to reduce their pain and suffering resulting from experimental procedures. Thus, appropriate measures for their sedation and analgesia are being introduced. Clinical anesthetics are renowned for their ability to produce unconsciousness in vertebrate species, but their exact mechanisms of action still elude investigators. In vertebrates it can prove difficult to specify the differences of response of particular neuron types given the multiplicity of neurons in the CNS. However, gastropod molluscs such as Aplysia, Lymnaea, or Helix, with their large uniquely identifiable nerve cells, make studies on the cellular, subcellular, network and behavioral actions of anesthetics much more feasible, particularly as identified cells may also be studied in culture, isolated from the rest of the nervous system. To date, the sorts of study outlined above have never been performed on cephalopods in the same way as on gastropods. However, criteria previously applied to gastropods and vertebrates have proved successful in developing a method for humanely anesthetizing Octopus with clinical doses of isoflurane, i.e., changes in respiratory rate, color pattern and withdrawal responses. However, in the long term, further refinements will be needed, including recordings from the CNS of intact animals in the presence of a variety of different anesthetic agents and their adjuvants. Clues as to their likely responsiveness to other appropriate anesthetic agents and muscle relaxants can be gained from background studies on gastropods such as Lymnaea, given their evolutionary history.

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Out of water in the dark: Plasticity in visual structures and function in an amphibious fish

2022

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Many fishes encounter periods of prolonged darkness within their lifetime, yet the consequences for the visual system are poorly understood. We used an amphibious fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus) that occupies dark terrestrial environments during seasonal droughts to test whether exposure to prolonged darkness diminishes visual performance owing to reduced optic tectum (OT) size and/or neurogenesis. We performed a 3-week acclimation with a 2 × 2 factorial design, in which fish were either acclimated to a 12 h:12 h or 0 h:24 h light:dark photoperiod in water or in air.We found that water-exposed fish had poorer visual acuity when acclimated to the dark, while air-acclimated fish had poorer visual acuity regardless of photoperiod.The ability of K. marmoratus to capture aerial prey from water followed a similar trend, suggesting that good vision is important for hunting effectively. Changes in visual acuity did not result from changes in OT size, but air-acclimated fish had 37% fewer proliferating cells in the OT than water-acclimated fish. As K. marmoratus are unable to eat on land, reducing cell proliferation in the OT may serve as a mechanism to reduce maintenance costs associated with the visual system. Overall, we suggest that prolonged darkness and air exposure can impair vision in K. marmoratus, and that changes in visual performance may be mediated, in part, by OT neurogenesis.More broadly, we show that plastic changes to the visual system of fishes can have potential consequences for organismal performance and fitness.

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Enriched Environment Increases PCNA and PARP1 Levels in Octopus vulgaris Central Nervous System: First Evidence of Adult Neurogenesis in Lophotrochozoa

Cited by 27 publications

References 140 publications

Sensorial Hierarchy in Octopus vulgaris’s Food Choice: Chemical vs. Visual

Sensorial Hierarchy in Octopus vulgaris’s Food Choice: Chemical vs. Visual

Sense and Insensibility – An Appraisal of the Effects of Clinical Anesthetics on Gastropod and Cephalopod Molluscs as a Step to Improved Welfare of Cephalopods

Out of water in the dark: Plasticity in visual structures and function in an amphibious fish

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