Enhancing the quality of bio-oil from catalytic pyrolysis of kraft black liquor lignin

Chen, Jiao; Liu, Chao; Wu, Shubin; Liang, Jenq–Horng; Lei, Ming

doi:10.1039/c6ra18923g

Cited by 62 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Peaks at 2,936 and 2,845 cm −1 are assigned to C-H asymmetric and symmetrical vibrations of alkyls in side-chains (Zhang et al, 2012 ). Absorption bands located at around 1,595, 1,514, 1,462, and 1,427cm −1 were assigned to vibrations of aromatic rings, suggesting they were left intact and that the aromatic structure of lignin was not changed appreciably during the pulping process (Chen et al, 2016 ; Yang et al, 2016 ). The peaks at 1,217 and 1,273cm −1 were assigned to the vibrations of guaiacyl rings (Minu et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin With Conventional, Mesoporous and Nanosized ZSM-5 Zeolite for the Production of Alkyl-Phenols and Aromatics

et al. 2018

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The valorization of lignin that derives as by product in various biomass conversion processes has become a major research and technological objective. The potential of the production of valuable mono-aromatics (BTX and others) and (alkyl)phenols by catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin is investigated in this work by the use of ZSM-5 zeolites with different acidic and porosity characteristics. More specifically, conventional microporous ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 11.5, 25, 40), nano-sized (≤20 nm, by direct synthesis) and mesoporous (9 nm, by mild alkaline treatment) ZSM-5 zeolites were tested in the fast pyrolysis of a softwood kraft lignin at 400–600°C on a Py/GC-MS system and a fixed-bed reactor unit. The composition of lignin (FT-IR, 2D HSQC NMR) was correlated with the composition of the thermal (non-catalytic) pyrolysis oil, while the effect of pyrolysis temperature and catalyst-to-lignin (C/L) ratio, as well as of the Si/Al ratio, acidity, micro/mesoporosity and nano-size of ZSM-5, on bio-oil composition was thoroughly investigated. It was shown that the conventional microporous ZSM-5 zeolites are more selective toward mono-aromatics while the nano-sized and mesoporous ZSM-5 exhibited also high selectivity for (alkyl)phenols. However, the nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite exhibited the lowest yield of organic bio-oil and highest production of water, coke and non-condensable gases compared to the conventional microporous and mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin With Conventional, Mesoporous and Nanosized ZSM-5 Zeolite for the Production of Alkyl-Phenols and Aromatics

et al. 2018

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“…The influence of various fractionation techniques (i.e., catalytic oxidative and reductive methods) on lignin structure and morphology is currently focused in numerous studies [ 28 , 29 ]. Thus, HSQC spectra of aromatic (dC/dH 100–135/5.5–8.5) and aliphatic (dC/dH 50–90/2.5–6.0) regions of lignin sample were discussed in detail by Chen and Vasilyev [ 30 , 31 ]. Analogue to these studies, we used the HSQC NMR spectroscopy to study differences in lignin structure obtained from various Miscanthus X giganteus genotypes.…”

Section: Lignin Availability and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Derived Biomaterials for Drug Release and Tissue Engineering

et al. 2018

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Renewable resources are gaining increasing interest as a source for environmentally benign biomaterials, such as drug encapsulation/release compounds, and scaffolds for tissue engineering in regenerative medicine. Being the second largest naturally abundant polymer, the interest in lignin valorization for biomedical utilization is rapidly growing. Depending on its resource and isolation procedure, lignin shows specific antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Today, efforts in research and industry are directed toward lignin utilization as a renewable macromolecular building block for the preparation of polymeric drug encapsulation and scaffold materials. Within the last five years, remarkable progress has been made in isolation, functionalization and modification of lignin and lignin-derived compounds. However, the literature so far mainly focuses lignin-derived fuels, lubricants and resins. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of the art and to highlight the most important results in the field of lignin-based materials for potential use in biomedicine (reported in 2014–2018). Special focus is placed on lignin-derived nanomaterials for drug encapsulation and release as well as lignin hybrid materials used as scaffolds for guided bone regeneration in stem cell-based therapies.

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“…Recently, some studies have introduced lignin to improve the performance of PLA and reduce the cost [10,13,14].Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers, accounting for nearly 25% of lignocellulosic biomass [16][17][18][19]. It is usually easily obtained as a byproduct of the pulping industry and has some positive properties, including being biodegradable, non-toxic, and low-cost and having low density and excellent thermal and moisture resistance [20][21][22][23]. Due to these properties, research on lignin application for bioplastics has increased.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Lignin Plasticization on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Lignin/Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites

et al. 2019

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Kraft lignin (KL) or plasticized KL (PKL)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites, containing different lignin contents and with and without the coupling agent, were prepared in this study using twin-screw extrusion at 180 • C. Furthermore, ε-caprolactone and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) were used as a plasticizer of KL and a coupling agent to improve interfacial adhesion, respectively. It was found that lignin plasticization improved lignin dispersibility in the PLA matrix and increased the melt flow index due to decrease in melt viscosity. The tensile strength of KL or PKL/PLA composites was found to decrease as the content of KL and PKL increased in the absence of pMDI, and increased due to pMDI addition. The existence of KL and PKL in the composites decreased the thermal degradation rate against the temperature and increased char residue. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient of water in the composites was also found to decrease due to KL or PKL addition.PLA is considered one of the most promising biopolymers due to its excellent properties, which include biodegradability, biocompatibility, and renewability, as well as good mechanical properties [10][11][12]. PLA is derived from agricultural products (e.g., corn and potato) and is usually produced by ring-opening polymerization of lactide and condensation of lactic acid without polluting the environment during the production process [6,10,13]. However, despite its properties, the application of PLA has been limited because of its higher price and lower resistance to heat and water [11,13]. It has been proposed that compounding PLA with filler can improve its properties and remove some of its drawbacks [5,[11][12][13][14][15]. Recently, some studies have introduced lignin to improve the performance of PLA and reduce the cost [10,13,14].Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers, accounting for nearly 25% of lignocellulosic biomass [16][17][18][19]. It is usually easily obtained as a byproduct of the pulping industry and has some positive properties, including being biodegradable, non-toxic, and low-cost and having low density and excellent thermal and moisture resistance [20][21][22][23]. Due to these properties, research on lignin application for bioplastics has increased. Lignin has been known to have positive effects on composite properties. Some studies have observed that lignin addition enhances resistance for heat and moisture [14,15,24]. Furthermore, lignin has also been utilized as a stabilizer to prevent oxidation on plastic composites [25]. However, some studies have reported that the presence of lignin can deteriorate the mechanical properties of lignin-based composites. Lignin has been found to be incompatible with most aliphatic polyesters, including PLA, PBS, and PCL, thus deteriorating the mechanical properties of the composites [26][27][28]. However, it has been found that this strength deterioration, which is caused by lignin addition, can be overcome by adding coupling agents [26,[29][30][31]. Isocyanate coupling agents, such...

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Enhancing the quality of bio-oil from catalytic pyrolysis of kraft black liquor lignin

Abstract: Black liquor is an attractive option for the generation of biofuel and fine chemical intermediates.

Cited by 62 publications

References 36 publications

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin With Conventional, Mesoporous and Nanosized ZSM-5 Zeolite for the Production of Alkyl-Phenols and Aromatics

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin With Conventional, Mesoporous and Nanosized ZSM-5 Zeolite for the Production of Alkyl-Phenols and Aromatics

Lignin-Derived Biomaterials for Drug Release and Tissue Engineering

Effect of Lignin Plasticization on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Lignin/Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites

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