Enhancement of carrier mobilities in poly(3-methylthiophene) by an electrochemical doping

Harima, Yutaka; Eguchi, Takaatsu; Yamashita, Kazuo

doi:10.1016/s0379-6779(98)00035-6

Cited by 66 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A decreased electron delocalization length requires a higher n-type doping concentration before efficient overlap of the electronic wavefunctions, which is typically considered a prerequisite for the formation of a doped region with high electronic mobility (and conductivity). [45][46][47] Zotti et al [48] employed cyclic voltammetry to demonstrate that the effect of charge pinning of alkaline cations during electrochemical reduction of polythiophenes increases with decreasing ionic radius, which is in agreement with our suggested mechanism and results obtained by Holt et al [32] and Mastragostino and Soddu [49] on similar systems. However, Zotti et al further report that this charge pinning is accompanied by an irreversible side reaction with water.…”

Section: Full Papersupporting

confidence: 87%

Polymer Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: Doping Concentration, Emission‐Zone Position, and Turn‐On Time

Shin

Robinson

Xiao³

et al. 2007

Adv Funct Materials

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Direct optical probing of the doping progression and simultaneous recording of the current–time behavior allows the establishment of the position of the light‐emitting p–n junction, the doping concentrations in the p‐ and n‐type regions, and the turn‐on time for a number of planar light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) with a 1 mm interelectrode gap. The position of the p–n junction in such LECs with Au electrodes contacting an active material mixture of poly(2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)‐p‐phenylene vinylene) (MEH‐PPV), poly(ethylene oxide), and a XCF3SO3 salt (X = Li, K, Rb) is dependent on the salt selection: for X = Li the p–n junction is positioned very close to the negative electrode, while for X = K, Rb it is significantly more centered in the interelectrode gap. Its is demonstrated that this results from that the p‐type doping concentration is independent of salt selection at ca. 2 × 1020 cm–3 (ca. 0.1 dopants/MEH‐PPV repeat unit), while the n‐type doping concentration exhibits a strong dependence: for X = K it is ca. 5 × 1020 cm–3 (ca. 0.2 dopants/repeat unit), for X = Rb it is ca. 9 × 1020 cm–3 (ca. 0.4 dopants/repeat unit), and for X = Li it is ca. 3 × 1021 cm–3 (ca. 1 dopants/repeat unit). Finally, it is shown that X = K, Rb devices exhibit significantly faster turn‐on times than X = Li devices, which is a consequence of a higher ionic conductivity in the former devices.

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Section: Full Papersupporting

confidence: 87%

Polymer Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: Doping Concentration, Emission‐Zone Position, and Turn‐On Time

Shin

Robinson

Xiao³

et al. 2007

Adv Funct Materials

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“…These values are similar to those reported for poly͑3-methylthiophene͒. 8 Sustained current densities as high as 300 mA/cm 2 in oxidized polymer films were achieved at applied potentials of less than 4.2 V. Thus, it should be possible to provide overcharge protection through a conducting polymer short comprising only a few percent of the separator area. Here we show that a self-actuating, reversible conducting polymer shunt may be capable of providing high current overcharge protection.…”

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confidence: 85%

Overcharge Protection for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Using Electroactive Polymers

Chen

Richardson

2004

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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A conducting polymer shunt capable of providing overcharge protection for rechargeable lithium batteries via a reversible, internal, self-actuating mechanism is described. A microporous separator was impregnated with poly͑3-butylthiophene͒, an electrochemically active polymer that becomes electronically conducting when oxidized. The morphology of the resulting composite membrane and its electrochemistry in a lithium battery electrolyte were examined. The composite membrane was introduced into a TiS 2 -Li cell as an overcharge protection separator. While the discharge capacity of an unprotected cell was rapidly degraded when it was charged above 4 V, the protected cell was undamaged by overcharging by as much as ten times the normal capacity. The excess charge current was carried by the polymer, which limited the charging potential to about 3.2 V.

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“…Oligo and polythiophenes are particularly inclined to form associates even in dilute solutions [58], and studies of tailor made double-stacked oligothiophenes [59] Recapitulating the above discussion, experimental data clearly suggests that the thienyl substitution pattern at the bipyridine moiety plays a crucial role in shaping the physicochemistry of the two polymer isomers. While p2's linear structure and extended conjugation help it to accommodate charge carriers characteristic for heavily doped polythiophene [66][67][68], the conjugation break afforded by the meta substitution pattern across the pirydyl unit makes p1 behave like an ensemble of shorter oligomeric segments with better defined electronic structure. In such setting, 4,4'-bipirydyl tunes the electron energy levels of this thiophene copolymer, an approach effectively demonstrated with other heterocyclic units whose doping behaviour resembles that observed for p1 [69,70].…”

Section: Bis(bithiophene) Bipyridinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroelectrochemistry of alternating ambipolar copolymers of 4,4′- and 2,2′-bipyridine isomers and quaterthiophene

Zassowski

Golba

Skórka

et al. 2017

Electrochimica Acta

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of alternating ambipolar copolymers of 4,4 -and 2,2 -bipyridine isomers and quaterthiophene, Electrochimica Acta http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.electacta.2017.01.076 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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Enhancement of carrier mobilities in poly(3-methylthiophene) by an electrochemical doping

Cited by 66 publications

References 28 publications

Polymer Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: Doping Concentration, Emission‐Zone Position, and Turn‐On Time

Polymer Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: Doping Concentration, Emission‐Zone Position, and Turn‐On Time

Overcharge Protection for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Using Electroactive Polymers

Spectroelectrochemistry of alternating ambipolar copolymers of 4,4′- and 2,2′-bipyridine isomers and quaterthiophene

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