Enhanced XRF Methods for Investigating the Erosion-Resistant Functional Coatings

Abstract

The development of erosion-resistant functional materials usable as plasma facing first wall components (PFC) is crucial for increasing the lifetime of future fusion reactors. Generally, PFCs have to be quality checked and characterized regarding their composition, before integrating them into the fusion reactor vessel. Enhanced X-ray fluorescence (XRF) methods represent an effective alternative to conventional analysis methods for the characterization of refractive metallic coatings on large areas of fusion materials. We have developed and applied XRF methods as fast and robust methods for the characterization of the thickness and composition uniformity of complex functional coatings. These coatings consist of tungsten included in multilayer configuration and deposited on low or high Z substrates. We have further developed customized calibration protocols for quantifying the element composition and layer thickness of each investigated sample. The calibration protocols are based on a combination of standard samples measurements, Monte Carlo simulations, and fundamental parameter theoretical calculations. The calibrated results are discussed considering a selection of relevant PFC samples. The deposition uniformity was successfully investigated for different PFC-relevant tiles and lamella shaped samples with W layers below and over the W L-line saturation thickness. Also, the 2D thickness mapping capability of the XRF method was demonstrated by studying the plasma post-erosion pattern.

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

“…Lungu et al developed and applied XRF methods for quality checking and characterisation of plasma facing components in relation to the need to develop erosion-resistant materials used in the reactor vessel. 186 The XRF was applied to the measurement of the thickness and uniformity of tungsten-based coatings, as well as studying the erosion pattern following plasma exposure. Instrument calibration was developed using a combination of theoretical, Monte Carlo simulation and standard sample measurements.…”