Enhanced solubility of trichloroethylene (TCE) by a poly-oxyethylene alcohol as green surfactant

Intiso, Adriano; Miele, Ylenia; Marchettini, Nadia; Proto, Antonio; Sánchez-Domínguez, Margarita; Rossi, Federico

doi:10.1016/j.eti.2018.08.001

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The results obtained with Synperonic™ 91/5, together with the study by Diallo et al in which there was an optimal HLB value for PCE and TCE solubilization using dodecyl ethoxylate surfactants, were the inspiration to investigate not only the optimal HLB but also the most appropriate surfactant structure (within the fatty alcohol ethoxylates type) for TCE solubilization. The hydrophilicity of a nonionic surfactant can be increased either by keeping the alkyl chain length constant and increasing the number of ethylene oxide (EO) units or by reducing the alkyl chain length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In a recent study, we tested the ability of a commercial fatty alcohol ethoxylated surfactant belonging to the low‐impact, cost‐effective and biodegradable Synperonic™ class to enhance the solubility of TCE in aqueous solutions . In particular, Synperonic™ 91/5 (a commercial pentaethyleneglycol decyl ether from Croda) in the microemulsion regime was found to increase the solubility of TCE up to 15 times with respect to pure water at 20 °C, corresponding to an MSR of about 0.21.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trichloroethylene solubilization using a series of commercial biodegradable ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants

Garza‐Arévalo

Intiso

Proto

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: Although certain pollutants are prohibited or heavily regulated, particularly in Europe and the USA, contaminated sites still represent a serious threat to the environment and health. The physical and chemical properties of 'dense non-aqueous phase liquid' (DNAPL) pollutants such as trichloroethylene (TCE), including their low solubility, high specific density and tendency to remain adsorbed to organic materials, make their removal from polluted sites extremely difficult. RESULTS:This study tested the ability of a series of commercial fatty alcohol ethoxylated surfactants of C i E j type (i = number of carbons in the alkyl chain; j = number of ethylene oxide (EO) units), known to be biodegradable and low-cost, to improve the solubility of TCE in water; this would make its removal from contaminated sites more effective. The solubility of TCE in Synperonic™ 91/5 (C 10 E 5 ), 91/6 (C 10 E 6 ), 91/8 (C 10 E 8 ), 91/10 (C 10 E 10 ) and 13/8 (C 13 E 8 ) aqueous solutions was evaluated and the solubilization performances were reported as molar and weight solubilization ratios (MSR and WSR). Solubility was measured above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) up to 0.7 mol L −1 at 5, 20 and 30 ∘ C to assess the feasibility of the approach for TCE removal from sites located in different climatic areas. Increasing EO units contributed to improved TCE solubility (at constant alkyl chain length). CONCLUSION: The best surfactant was Synperonic™ 91/10 with an MSR of 3.54 at 19 ∘ C. The results show that an optimal combination of EO units and alkyl chain length, and not only the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value, is key for the design of effective TCE remediation systems from groundwater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichloroethylene solubilization using a series of commercial biodegradable ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants

Garza‐Arévalo

Intiso

Proto

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…Because of its physical-chemical properties, in particular low aqueous solubility and high density, TCE enters the saturated zone of the subsurface as a free phase, leaving behind a tail of discrete ganglia trapped by capillary forces, causing long-term contamination of soils and groundwaters [2,3]. Classical remediation techniques, like pumpand-treat (P&T), are not quite effective for the removal of the stratified contaminant [4,5]; therefore, the surfactant/co-solvent flushing method, where a mixture of chemicals is employed to increase the extraction yield [6][7][8], is becoming more and more popular. Surfactants are being employed also for improving the performances of TCE mineralization techniques, when used in the water phase to oxidate trichloroethylene to unharmful products such as CO 2 , H 2 O, and HCl, according to the half-reaction…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The output fitting parameter is the mass transfer constant measured in mm/s, which accounts for the average velocity at which a molecule of pollutant pass from the organic to the water phase (or the micellar pseudo phase in case surfactants are present). As an example, we compared the efficiency of two ethoxylated alcohols belonging to the general class of Synperonic surfactants that we recently demonstrated to be effective for increasing the solubility of TCE [7,8]. Synperonic compounds have the general formula R(−O−CH 2 −CH 2 −) n −OH where R is the hydrophobic alkyl chain linked to a variable number of ethylene oxide units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Mass Transfer in Trichloroethylene/Surfactants/ Water Systems: Implications for Remediation Strategies

et al. 2021

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The fate of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the environment and the consequential remediation problems have been intensively studied over the last 50 years. However, a scarce literature is present about the mass transfer at the DNAPL/water interface. In this paper, we present a fast method for the evaluation of the mass transfer performance of a surfactant that can easily be employed to support an effective choice for the so-called enhanced remediation strategies. We developed a lab-scale experimental system modelled by means of simple ordinary differential equations to calculate the mass transfer coefficient (K) of trichloroethylene, chosen as representative DNAPL, in the presence and in the absence of two ethoxylated alcohols belonging to the general class of Synperonic surfactants. Our findings revealed that it exists an optimal surfactant concentration range, where K increases up to 40% with respect to pure water.

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“…In addition, as TCE is highly volatile, it can be easily stripped from the remediation media (water, surfactant solutions, removed soils, etc.) with air flux and directed to further treatments in gas phase [9,10]. In this respect, catalytic heterogeneous oxidation is becoming a popular alternative to thermal incineration for treating exhausted gases rich in TCE, as catalysts lower operative temperatures and improve selectivity of the reaction towards less harmful products, with high benefits in terms of energy consumption and environmental impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Degradation of Trichloroethylene over Fe2O3-doped Mayenite: Chlorine Poisoning Mitigation and Improved Catalytic Performance

et al. 2019

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Mayenite was recently successfully employed as an active catalyst for trichloroethylene (TCE) oxidation. It was effective in promoting the conversion of TCE in less harmful products (CO2 and HCl) with high activity and selectivity. However, there is a potential limitation to the use of mayenite in the industrial degradation of chlorinated compounds—its limited operating lifespan owing to chlorine poisoning of the catalyst. To overcome this problem, in this work, mayenite-based catalysts loaded with iron (Fe/mayenite) were prepared and tested for TCE oxidation in a gaseous phase. The catalysts were characterized using different physico-chemical techniques, including XRD, ICP, N2-sorption (BET), H2-TPR analysis, SEM-EDX, XPS FESEM-EDS, and Raman. Fe/mayenite was found to be more active and stable than the pure material for TCE oxidation, maintaining the same selectivity. This result was interpreted as the synergistic effect of the metal and the oxo-anionic species present in the mayenite framework, thus promoting TCE oxidation, while avoiding catalyst deactivation.

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Enhanced solubility of trichloroethylene (TCE) by a poly-oxyethylene alcohol as green surfactant

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Trichloroethylene solubilization using a series of commercial biodegradable ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants

Trichloroethylene solubilization using a series of commercial biodegradable ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants

Interfacial Mass Transfer in Trichloroethylene/Surfactants/ Water Systems: Implications for Remediation Strategies

Oxidative Degradation of Trichloroethylene over Fe2O3-doped Mayenite: Chlorine Poisoning Mitigation and Improved Catalytic Performance

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