Enhanced mechanical and dielectric properties of an epoxy resin modified with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene

Kou, Yujia; Zhou, Wenying; Li, Bo; Dong, Lina; Duan, Yue; Hou, Qianwen; Liu, Xiangrong; Cai, Huiwu; Chen, Qingguo; Dang, Zhi‐Min

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.08.016

Cited by 89 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…So far, various kinds of liquid rubber have been adopted to toughen epoxy resin. Previous studies mainly focus on the toughening mechanism from the perspectives of kinetics and morphology [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ] or evaluate the dielectric properties according to parameters such as permittivity and electrical breakdown strength [ 11 ], but the relaxation characteristics have not been systematically discussed and the mechanism of influence on dielectric properties is obscure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dielectric Relaxation Characteristics of Epoxy Resin Modified with Hydroxyl-Terminated Nitrile Rubber

et al. 2020

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Utilizing liquid rubber to toughen epoxy resin is one of the most mature and promising methods. However, the dielectric relaxation characteristics of the epoxy/liquid rubber composites have not been studied systematically, while the relaxation behaviours are a critical factor for both micro and macro properties. In this paper, hydroxyl-terminated liquid nitrile rubber (HTBN) is employed to reinforce a kind of room-temperature-cured epoxy resin. The dielectric spectrum is measured and analysed. Results show that two relaxation processes are introduced in the binary composites. The α relaxation of HTBN shows a similar temperature dependence with the β relaxation of epoxy resin. The interfacial polarization leads to an increase of complex permittivity, which reaches its maximum at 70 °C. In addition, affected by interfacial polarization, the thermionic polarization is inhibited, and the samples with filler ratios of 15% and 25% show lower DC-conductivity below 150 °C. In addition, the α relaxation and thermionic polarization of epoxy resin obey the Vogel‒Fulcher‒Tammann law, while the interfacial polarization and DC-conductivity satisfy with the Arrhenius law. Furthermore, the fitting results of the Vogel temperature of α relaxation, glass transition temperature, apparent activation energy of interfacial polarization and DC-conductivity all decline with HTBN content. These results can provide a reference and theoretical guidance for the assessment of dielectric properties and the improvement of the formulation of liquid-rubber-toughened epoxy resin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhou and his co-workers modified epoxy resin with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) liquid rubber [ 11 ], and the interfacial polarization is mentioned, but its relaxation characteristics are excluded. The influence of carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene liquid rubber (CTPB) has also been studied [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Relaxation Characteristics of Epoxy Resin Modified with Hydroxyl-Terminated Nitrile Rubber

et al. 2020

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“…The difference of the dielectric constant also explains the highest Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) of epoxy resin . Nevertheless, the epoxy PTC fall abruptly at about 370 K, similarly to the behavior of semi‐conductors for which above a certain temperature they become conductive . As reported in the literature, these effects can be related to the morphology of polymers which can thermally expand leading to a gap change or to the formation of crystalline region where conductivity is higher than amorphous region .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

The Influence of Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ Additives on the Electrical Resistivity of Epoxy Resin‐Based Composites at Low Temperature

Eker

Özcan

Özkan

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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Electrical insulation is a major security problem in aerospace applications where temperature can reach relatively low values. Epoxy resins are well known as easily formable dielectric materials and can be used to prepare complex insulator parts. In this study, the electrical performance of bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin epoxy resin matrix‐based nanocomposites containing 1, 3, or 6 wt% titanium oxide (TiO2) or aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanofillers are investigated. Composites are characterized with thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy‐coupled electron dispersive spectroscopy, and confocal Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the role of additives and their ratio on the resistivity performance of the composites are evaluated from 77 to 500 K by applying a direct current voltage from 1 to 20 V. It is observed that the electrical properties of the matrix are directly influencing the insulation performance of the nanocomposite. For example, the abrupt decrease at 370 K of the positive temperature coefficient of the resin for all nanocomposites. It is found that the most resistive composite contains 3 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles with a value above 3.7.1010 Ω from 77 to 370 K at 20 V. As a result, this work gives information on to the choice of appropriate insulator materials in extreme working conditions.

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“…Despite a vast literature concerned on the mechanical properties of the toughened epoxy resins, a growing attention has been drawn to its dielectric properties in recent years [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Better 2 of 13 properties in toughness, thermal conductivity, and breakdown strength were achieved from a ternary copolymer, consisting of epoxy matrix, micron hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN), and CTBN [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Toughening with Different Liquid Rubber on Dielectric Relaxation Properties of Epoxy Resin

et al. 2020

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Liquid rubber is a common filler introduced to epoxy resin to improve its toughness for electrical insulation and electronic packaging applications. The improvement of toughness by adding liquid rubber to epoxy resin leads to the variation of its dielectric properties and relaxation behaviors and it has not been systematically studied yet. In this paper, four kinds of liquid rubber with different polarity were selected and the corresponding epoxy/liquid rubber composites have been prepared. By analyzing the temperature and frequency dependence of dielectric spectra, we found that a lower relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the epoxy/liquid rubber composites could be achieved by reducing the polarity of liquid rubber filler. These results also confirm that the polarity of liquid rubber plays a critical role in determining the α transition relaxation strength of rubber molecules at about −50 °C, as well as the relaxation time of interfacial polarization. In addition, the conductivity of rubber phase with different polarity were investigated by studying the apparent activation energy of interfacial polarization calculated from the Arrhenius plot. This study can provide a theoretical basis for designing high-performance epoxy/liquid rubber composite insulating materials for industrial use.

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Enhanced mechanical and dielectric properties of an epoxy resin modified with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene

Cited by 89 publications

References 39 publications

Dielectric Relaxation Characteristics of Epoxy Resin Modified with Hydroxyl-Terminated Nitrile Rubber

Dielectric Relaxation Characteristics of Epoxy Resin Modified with Hydroxyl-Terminated Nitrile Rubber

The Influence of Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ Additives on the Electrical Resistivity of Epoxy Resin‐Based Composites at Low Temperature

Effect of Toughening with Different Liquid Rubber on Dielectric Relaxation Properties of Epoxy Resin

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Enhanced mechanical and dielectric properties of an epoxy resin modified with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene

Cited by 89 publications

References 39 publications

Dielectric Relaxation Characteristics of Epoxy Resin Modified with Hydroxyl-Terminated Nitrile Rubber

Dielectric Relaxation Characteristics of Epoxy Resin Modified with Hydroxyl-Terminated Nitrile Rubber

The Influence of Al2O3 and TiO2 Additives on the Electrical Resistivity of Epoxy Resin‐Based Composites at Low Temperature

Effect of Toughening with Different Liquid Rubber on Dielectric Relaxation Properties of Epoxy Resin

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The Influence of Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ Additives on the Electrical Resistivity of Epoxy Resin‐Based Composites at Low Temperature