Enhanced lithium extraction from α-spodumene with fluorine-based chemical method: A stepwise heat treatment for fluorine removal

Guo, Hui; Lv, Menghua; Kuang, Ge; Wang, Haidong

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107246

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…4 timal acid dosage was 1:3:2 (g : mL : mL) for spodumene/ HF/H 2 SO 4 , and 96% lithium was successfully extracted after leaching at 100°C for 3 h. The leaching reaction is shown in reaction (5). In addition, they also investigated the kinetics of mixed acid leaching [41]. The extraction of lithium conformed to the shrinking core model, and it was controlled by both the chemical reaction and product layer diffusion.…”

Section: Direct Acid Leaching Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of lithium extraction from natural resources

Liu

Lü

et al. 2022

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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Lithium is considered to be the most important energy metal of the 21st century. Because of the development trend of global electrification, the consumption of lithium has increased significantly over the last decade, and it is foreseeable that its demand will continue to increase for a long time. Limited by the total amount of lithium on the market, lithium extraction from natural resources is still the first choice for the rapid development of emerging industries. This paper reviews the recent technological developments in the extraction of lithium from natural resources. Existing methods are summarized by the main resources, such as spodumene, lepidolite, and brine. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared. Finally, reasonable suggestions are proposed for the development of lithium extraction from natural resources based on the understanding of existing methods. This review provides a reference for the research, development, optimization, and industrial application of future processes.

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Section: Direct Acid Leaching Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of lithium extraction from natural resources

Liu

Lü

et al. 2022

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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“…Residual fluorine was removed at 120 °C for 3 h, and unreacted sulphuric acid was removed at 250 °C for 3 h. The leaching rate of Li was 93.37 %. [11] Liu et al disclosed the invention of a method for the direct extraction of Li from α-spodumene acid method. After pretreatment of α-spodumene by acid leaching, lithium was extracted by water leaching after calcination at 250 °C-350 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Lithium and Synthesis of Kaolinite from α‐Spodumene via Alkali Calcination

Xiong,

Hu,

Liu

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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Extracting lithium from spodumene by sulfuric acid roasting is the largest commercialized way at present, which not only consumes a large amount of energy but also produces massive waste residue that will cause environmental problems. In this work, a new process for extracting lithium by directly decomposing α‐spodumene through alkali calcination is designed. The reaction of α‐spodumene with Na2CO3 at 750 °C for 2 h can decompose it and form nepheline and lithium silicate/sodium silicate. The nepheline and soluble lithium silicate/sodium silicate are separated by water leaching, and 93.9 % of lithium can be leached under optimal conditions. In addition, the synthesis of nano‐kaolinite is investigated with nitric acid solutions. Conversions of 98.7 % were obtained with 0.4 M nitric acid at 250 °C and an L/S ratio of 17.5 L/kg. The water leachate can precipitate Li2CO3 with a purity of 99.0 % by CO2 after desilicated by CaO. The final yields of Li2CO3 and kaolinite relative to the Li and Si content of the starting minerals are 91.4 % and 48.5 %, respectively. This new method achieves the full utilization of spodumene with lower energy consumption and demonstrates great potential for industrial applications.

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“…This requires a fast and precise approach to liberate lithium from a silicate matrix and make it detectable with standard analytical instruments. It is well-known that HF and H 2 SO 4 are usually used for the digestion of silicate ores and silicate minerals [8,10,17,22]. Some minerals, namely spodumene, could be digested in acids only at hard microwave radiation [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe and Eco-Friendly Determination of Lithium in Silicate Ores Using Sintering and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Raks,

Braun,

Schultheis

et al. 2023

Mìneral. ž.

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We developed new methodologies for the quantitative determination of lithium in lithium-bearing silicate minerals and clays. This research describes direct analysis of Li in powder using an atomic-emission complex for spectrum analysis "PGS-DDP-BAES" and sintering as a sample preparation technique followed by ICP-OES analysis. A new atomic-emission complex for spectrum analysis could be used to efficiently overcome the complex matrix effects, and thus allows for the direct quantitative determination of lithium in solid samples (ores, clays). The relative standard deviation is up to 7.0%. For the extraction of Li from silicate ores and clays by sintering various parameters including sintering temperature, reaction time and additives were studied. The results indicate that the optimal temperature for sintering with NH4Cl and CaCO3 is at around 900°C. Optimum conditions for lithium extraction were found to be 300°C (30 min) and 900°C (60 min), at mass ratios of an ore : NH4Cl : CaCO3 of 1:1:8. In these conditions a lithium extraction degree of 92% is reached. Relative standard deviations for the method with sintering and ICP-OES analysis vary in the interval from 1.7 to 2.2%.

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Enhanced lithium extraction from α-spodumene with fluorine-based chemical method: A stepwise heat treatment for fluorine removal

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

A review of lithium extraction from natural resources

A review of lithium extraction from natural resources

Extraction of Lithium and Synthesis of Kaolinite from α‐Spodumene via Alkali Calcination

Safe and Eco-Friendly Determination of Lithium in Silicate Ores Using Sintering and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

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