Enhanced haze pollution by black carbon in megacities in China

Ding, Aijun; Huang, Xin; Nie, Wei; Sun, Jianning; Kerminen, Veli‐Matti; Petäj̈ä, Tuukka; Su, Hang; Cheng, Yafang; Yang, Xianyi; Wang, M. H.; G., X.; Wang, J. P.; Virkkula, Aki; Guo, Weidong; Yuan, Jing; Wang, S. Y.; Zhang, Renjian; Wu, Yunfei; Song, Yu; Zhu, Tong; Zilitinkevich, Sergej; Kulmala, Markku; Fu, Congbin

doi:10.1002/2016gl067745

Cited by 628 publications

(494 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…3.3, the SSA was low in July and August, and that was attributed to absorbing particles from biomass burning. Ding et al (2016) found that large quantities of black carbon can be emitted from biomass burning in the YRD during the summer, and because these particles strongly absorb at infrared wavelengths, they can cause a heating up of the atmosphere, resulting in lower negative DARF-TOA. Indeed, the positive DARF-TOA values we found under clear conditions from April to October were mainly due to the effects of strongly absorbing particles; that is, the SSAs at 440 nm were < 0.80, and they showed a strong decrease with wavelength (not shown here) when DARF-TOA values were positive.…”

Section: Aerosol Optical Properties: Aaod and Aaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of aerosol optical properties in eastern China have contributed to our understanding of local air quality and regional climate impacts (Duan and Mao, 2007;Pan et al, 2010;Ding et al, 2016). In the YRD, investigations of aerosol optical properties have been conducted in Nanjing, Hefei, Shanghai, Shouxian and Taihu (Zhuang et al, 2014;He et al, 2012; K. H. Cheng et al, 2015;Xia et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing based on measurements from the China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network (CARSNET) in eastern China

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Aerosol pollution in eastern China is an unfortunate consequence of the region's rapid economic and industrial growth. Here, sun photometer measurements from seven sites in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2011 to 2015 were used to characterize the climatology of aerosol microphysical and optical properties, calculate direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF) and classify the aerosols based on size and absorption. Bimodal size distributions were found throughout the year, but larger volumes and effective radii of fine-mode particles occurred in June and September due to hygroscopic growth and/or cloud processing. Increases in the fine-mode particles in June and September caused AOD 440 nm > 1.00 at most sites, and annual mean AOD 440 nm values of 0.71-0.76 were found at the urban sites and 0.68 at the rural site. Unlike northern China, the AOD 440 nm was lower in July and August (∼ 0.40-0.60) than in January and February (0.71-0.89) due to particle dispersion associated with subtropical anticyclones in summer. Low volumes and large bandwidths of both fine-mode and coarsemode aerosol size distributions occurred in July and August because of biomass burning. Single-scattering albedos at 440 nm (SSA 440 nm ) from 0.91 to 0.94 indicated particles with relatively strong to moderate absorption. Strongly absorbing particles from biomass burning with a significant SSA wavelength dependence were found in July and August at most sites, while coarse particles in March to May were Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 406H. Che et al.: Aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing mineral dust. Absorbing aerosols were distributed more or less homogeneously throughout the region with absorption aerosol optical depths at 440 nm ∼ 0.04-0.06, but inter-site differences in the absorption Angström exponent indicate a degree of spatial heterogeneity in particle composition. The annual mean DARF was −93 ± 44 to −79 ± 39 W m −2 at the Earth's surface and ∼ −40 W m −2 at the top of the atmosphere (for the solar zenith angle range of 50 to 80 • ) under cloud-free conditions. The fine mode composed a major contribution of the absorbing particles in the classification scheme based on SSA, fine-mode fraction and extinction Angström exponent. This study contributes to our understanding of aerosols and regional climate/air quality, and the results will be useful for validating satellite retrievals and for improving climate models and remote sensing algorithms.

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Section: Aerosol Optical Properties: Aaod and Aaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing based on measurements from the China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network (CARSNET) in eastern China

et al. 2018

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“…Some model simulations proposed that the radiative forcing of black carbon (BC) is comparable to that of methane (Chung and Seinfeld, 2005;Jacobson, 2004), suggesting that BC may be the second most important warming agent (only after CO 2 ) in terms of direct radiative forcing (Jacobson, 2001). Ding et al (2016) found that BC particles play a key role in modifying and heating the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and enhancing the haze pollution, called the "dome effect" of BC, and suggested an urgent need for reducing BC emissions to mitigate the extreme haze pollution in megacities in China. In addition, high concentrations of absorbing aerosols (e.g., BC, brown carbon, and/or dust) over eastern China during winter and spring were found to be the major reason for the observed recent warming trend (Yu et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation and light absorption property of carbonaceous aerosol in a typical glacier region of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Deposition and accumulation of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosol on glacier surfaces can alter the energy balance of glaciers. In this study, 2 years (December 2014 to December 2016) of continuous observations of carbonaceous aerosols in the glacierized region of the Mt. Yulong and Ganhaizi (GHZ) basin are analyzed. The average elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) concentrations were 1.51 ± 0.93 and 2.57 ± 1.32 µg m −3 , respectively. Although the annual mean OC / EC ratio was 2.45 ± 1.96, monthly mean EC concentrations during the post-monsoon season were even higher than OC in the high altitudes (approximately 5000 m a.s.l.) of Mt. Yulong. Strong photochemical reactions and local tourism activities were likely the main factors inducing high OC / EC ratios in the Mt. Yulong region during the monsoon season. The mean mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of EC, measured for the first time in Mt. Yulong, at 632 nm with a thermal-optical carbon analyzer using the filter-based method, was 6.82 ± 0.73 m 2 g −1 , comparable with the results from other studies. Strong seasonal and spatial variations of EC MAE were largely related to the OC abundance. Source attribution analysis using a global aerosol-climate model, equipped with a black carbon (BC) source tagging technique, suggests that East Asia emissions, including local sources, have the dominant contribution (over 50 %) to annual mean near-surface BC in the Mt. Yulong area. There is also a strong seasonal variation in the regional source apportionment. South Asia has the largest contribution to near-surface BC during the premonsoon season, while East Asia dominates the monsoon season and post-monsoon season. Results in this study have great implications for accurately evaluating the influences of carbonaceous matter on glacial melting and water resource supply in glacierization areas.

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“…BC issue has been noticed in recent years in China, including its temporal variations, emission sources, climate effect (Cao et al, 2006;Cao et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2017a;Huang et al, 2014) as well as its 'dome effect' in modifying the boundary layer and enhancing haze pollution in megacities (Ding et al, 2016b). 20…”

Section: Pagementioning

confidence: 99%

Light absorption of brown carbon in eastern China based on 3-year multi-wavelength aerosol optical property observations at the SORPES station and an improved Absorption Ångstrom exponent segregation method

Wang

Nie

Cheng

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Brown carbon (BrC), a certain group of organic carbon (OC) with strong absorption from the visible to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, makes considerable contribution to light absorption on both global and regional scales. High concentration and proportion of OC has been reported in China, but studies of BrC absorption based on long-term observations are rather limited in this region. In this 20 study, we reported 3-year results of light absorption of BrC based on continuous measurement at the Station for Observation Regional Processes of the Earth System (SORPES) in the Yangtze River Delta, China combined with Mie-theory calculation. Light absorption of BrC was obtained using an improved Absorption Ångstrom exponent (AAE) segregation method to calculate AAE of 'pure' and nonabsorbing coated black carbon (BC) at each time step based on Mie-theory simulation and 25 measurement of multi-wavelength aerosol light absorption. By using this improved method, the variation of AAE over time is taken into consideration, making it applicable for long-term analysis.The yearly average light absorption of BrC (babs_BrC) at 370 nm was 4.3 Mm -1 at the SORPES station.The contribution of BrC to total aerosol absorption (PBrC) at 370 nm ranged from 6% to 18% (10 th and 90 th percentiles, respectively), and reached up to ~28% in biomass burning-dominant season and winter. 30

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Enhanced haze pollution by black carbon in megacities in China

Cited by 628 publications

References 38 publications

Aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing based on measurements from the China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network (CARSNET) in eastern China

Aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing based on measurements from the China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network (CARSNET) in eastern China

Seasonal variation and light absorption property of carbonaceous aerosol in a typical glacier region of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Light absorption of brown carbon in eastern China based on 3-year multi-wavelength aerosol optical property observations at the SORPES station and an improved Absorption Ångstrom exponent segregation method

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