Engineering Self-Adaptive Systems through Feedback Loops

Brun, Yuriy; Serugendo, Giovanna Marzo; Gacek, Cristina; Giese, Holger; Kienle, Holger M.; Litoiu, Marin; Müller, Hausi A.; Pezzè, Mauro; Shaw, Mary

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02161-9_3

Cited by 424 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The ODA Loop concept was originally introduced for simple devices (e.g., embedded systems) to perform control mechanisms on physical systems [26]. These electronic systems were generally based on serial processors without any possibility to perform parallel tasks.…”

Section: Methods and Framework Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

cODA: An Open-Source Framework to Easily Design Context-Aware Android Apps

Ferroni

Damiani

Nacci

et al. 2014

2014 12th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing

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Abstract-Mobile devices take an important part in everyday life. They are now cheaper and widespread, but still a lot of time is spent by the users to configure them: users adapt to their own device, not vice versa. Can our smartphones do something smarter? In this work, we propose a framework to support the development of context aware applications for Android devices: the goal of such applications is to reduce as much as possible the interaction with the user, making use of automatic and intelligent components. Moreover, these components should consume as less power and computational resources as possible, being them part of a mobile ecosystem whose battery and hardware are highly constrained. The work implies the study of a methodology that fits the Android framework and the design of a highly extensible software architecture. An open source framework based on the proposed methodology is then described. Some use cases are finally presented, analyzing the performances and the limitations of the proposed methodology.

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Section: Methods and Framework Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

cODA: An Open-Source Framework to Easily Design Context-Aware Android Apps

Ferroni

Damiani

Nacci

et al. 2014

2014 12th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing

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“…Feedback loops are a key aspect of engineering selfadaptation [27]. Kephart and Chess introduced the notion of an autonomic element with its famous MAPE-K loop (cf.…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACon: A learning-based approach to deal with uncertainty in contextual requirements at runtime

Knauss

Damian

Franch

et al. 2016

Information and Software Technology

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Context: Runtime uncertainty such as unpredictable operational environment and failure of sensors that gather environmental data is a well-known challenge for adaptive systems. Objective: To execute requirements that depend on context correctly, the system needs up-to-date knowledge about the context relevant to such requirements. Techniques to cope with uncertainty in contextual requirements are currently underrepresented. In this paper we present ACon (Adaptation of Contextual requirements), a data-mining approach to deal with runtime uncertainty a↵ecting contextual requirements. Method: ACon uses feedback loops to maintain up-to-date knowledge about contextual requirements based on current context information in which contextual requirements are valid at runtime. Upon detecting that contextual requirements are a↵ected by runtime uncertainty, ACon analyzes and mines contextual data, to (re-)operationalize context and therefore update the information about contextual requirements. Results: We evaluate ACon in an empirical study of an activity scheduling system used by a crew of 4 rowers in a wild and unpredictable environment using a complex monitoring infrastructure. Our study focused on evaluating the data mining part of ACon and analyzed the sensor data collected onboard from 46 sensors and 90,748 measurements per sensor. Conclusion: ACon is an important step in dealing with uncertainty a↵ecting contextual requirements at runtime while considering end-user interaction. ACon supports systems in analyzing the environment to adapt contextual requirements and complements existing requirements monitoring approaches by keeping the requirements monitoring specification up-to-date. Consequently, it avoids manual analysis that is usually costly in today's complex system environments.

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“…Both approaches rely on different types of feedback loops based on (usually) centralized control elements. According to [15] feedback loops are a key design element within a distributed system in order to exhibit adaptivity. Feedback loops normally consist of three main components: (1) Sensors are in charge of observing the behavior and the (current) status of the component, respectively the environment it is situated in.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Organizing Redistribution of Bicycles in a Bike-Sharing System based on Decentralized Control

Preisler¹,

Dethlefs²,

Renz³

2016

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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Abstract-Currently, bike-sharing systems undergo a rapid expansion due to technical improvements in the operation combined with an increased environmental and health awareness of people. When it comes to the acceptance of such systems the reliability is of great importance. It depends heavily on the availability of bicycles at the stations. But, in spite of truck-based redistribution efforts by the operators, stations still tend to become full or empty, especially in rush-hour situations. This paper builds upon an incentive scheme that encourages users to approach nearby stations for renting and returning bikes, thereby redistributing them in a self-organized fashion. A cooperativeness parameter is determined by the fraction of users that respond to an incentive by choosing the proposed stations. It uses a decentralized control process to calculate alternative rent and return stations for each of the stations. These alternatives are then proposed to the users when they approach an empty or full station. The approach is based on a decentralized control framework that allows to equipping different distributed software systems with the control capabilities needed to realize the coordination efforts required to achieve the desired self-organizing properties.

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Engineering Self-Adaptive Systems through Feedback Loops

Cited by 424 publications

References 40 publications

cODA: An Open-Source Framework to Easily Design Context-Aware Android Apps

cODA: An Open-Source Framework to Easily Design Context-Aware Android Apps

ACon: A learning-based approach to deal with uncertainty in contextual requirements at runtime

Self-Organizing Redistribution of Bicycles in a Bike-Sharing System based on Decentralized Control

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