Engineering Optically Switchable Transistors with Improved Performance by Controlling Interactions of Diarylethenes in Polymer Matrices

Photochromic molecules undergo reversible isomerization upon irradiation with light at different wavelengths, a process that can alter their physical and chemical properties. For instance, dihydropyrene (DHP) is a deep-colored compound that isomerizes to light-brown cyclophanediene (CPD) upon irradiation with visible light. CPD can then isomerize back to DHP upon irradiation with UV light or thermally in the dark. Conversion between DHP and CPD is thought to proceed via a biradical intermediate; bimolecular events involving this unstable intermediate thus result in rapid decomposition and poor cycling performance. Here, we show that the reversible isomerization of DHP can be stabilized upon confinement within a Pd II 6 L 4 coordination cage. By protecting this reactive intermediate using the cage, each isomerization reaction proceeds to higher yield, which significantly decreases the fatigue experienced by the system upon repeated photocycling. Although molecular confinement is known to help stabilize reactive species, this effect is not typically employed to protect reactive intermediates and thus improve reaction yields. We envisage that performing reactions under confinement will not only improve the cyclic performance of photochromic molecules, but may also increase the amount of product obtainable from traditionally low-yielding organic reactions.

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“…Indeed, these results are consistent with the switching behavior of diarylethenes confined within highly ordered polymer martices. 37 …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Fatigue Resistance of Dihydropyrene by Encapsulation within a Coordination Cage

et al. 2020

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“…二芳基乙烯(DAE)衍生物因其具有较高的光敏感度，光稳定性以及热稳定性，适合作为应用对象的光致变色分子 [59][60] 。 DAE 分子可在紫外 / 可见 (UV/Vis)光照条件下，在开环(open-ring)状态和关环 (closed-ring)状态间进行构型转换，并发生明显的前线轨道能级的变化 [61] 。利用 DAE 分子的该性质，将其与能级合适的有机(高分子)半导体结合，可实现光照下场效应性能的可逆调控，成功构筑光调控有机场效应晶体管 [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] 行物理掺杂研究(见图 4) [68]…”

Section: 基于二芳基乙烯及其衍生物的有机场效应晶体管unclassified

Organic field-effect transistors based on organic and polymeric semiconductors and photochromic molecules

Tian¹,

Zhang²

2022

Sci. Sin.-Chim

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As one of the most important research branch of organic electronics, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have received widespread attentions in recent years. With the diversification of application scenarios, it is highly demanding for multi-functional field-effect transistors, especially those that show responsive and storage functions to specific external stimuli; thus they are potentially useful in sensory nerves, non-volatile memory devices, etc. The common strategy towards optically tunable organic fields-effect transistors is to incorporate photochromic molecules that can switch between two states under a specific light irradiation, and to use the different properties of the respective two states to affect the carrier transporting processes of OFETs, then to realize the optically tunable devices. In this review, we discuss the progresses and perspectives of optically tunable field-effect transistors by using three types of photochromic molecules.

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“…In terms of electrical modulation, remote and accurate photoinduced manipulation is of great importance in effectively operating photodetector properties, such as charge transport, interface trap density and photoresponsivity 32–34 . Recently, studies mainly focus on the effective optical and electrical modulation within hybrid photochromic units 35,36 . However, this strategy suffers from the risk of phase separation, inevitable grain boundary and large defect density, which could be addressed by single‐crystalline system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and electrical modulation in ultraviolet photodetectors based on organic one‐dimensional photochromic arrays

Geng

Zhao

et al. 2021

SmartMat

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Organic photochromic materials have drawn considerable attention for their potential applications in large‐scale and low‐cost optoelectronics owing to unique tunable physicochemical properties. For organic photodetectors, photochromic materials have realized optical and electrical engineering of semiconductor layers, which incorporate not only tunable performance, but also functionalities to optoelectronic devices. However, the essential challenge is to assemble large‐area photochromic micro‐ and nanostructure arrays with controllable geometry and precise alignment, which restricts the integration of multifunctional optoelectronic devices. Herein, we fabricate organic photochromic one‐dimensional (1D) arrays via a feasible solution process through the confined crystallization of organic molecules. By modulating and controlling the photoisomerization behaviors, these 1D photochromic arrays possess broad spectral tunability, which ensure tunable photoresponse. Furthermore, we investigate the crystallographic transition and electronic performance variation of these 1D photochromic arrays. By adjusting the dwell time of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the UV photochromic photodetectors realize tunable and repeatable responsivity from 85.6 to 0.709 mA/W. Our work provides new possibilities for optical and electrical engineering of photochromic microwires towards the integration of multifunctional optoelectronic devices.

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Engineering Optically Switchable Transistors with Improved Performance by Controlling Interactions of Diarylethenes in Polymer Matrices

Cited by 43 publications

References 49 publications

Improving Fatigue Resistance of Dihydropyrene by Encapsulation within a Coordination Cage

Improving Fatigue Resistance of Dihydropyrene by Encapsulation within a Coordination Cage

Organic field-effect transistors based on organic and polymeric semiconductors and photochromic molecules

Optical and electrical modulation in ultraviolet photodetectors based on organic one‐dimensional photochromic arrays

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