Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: Una mirada inmunológica

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are inflammatory diseases with a multifactorial component that involve the intestinal tract. The two relevant IBD syndromes are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). One factor involved in IBD development is a genetic predisposition, associated to NOD2/CARD15 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) polymorphisms that might favor infectious enterocolitis that is possibly associated to the development of IBD. The identification of specific immunologic alterations in IBD and their relationship to the etiology of the disease is a relevant research topic. The role of intra and extracellular molecules, such as transcription factors and cytokines that are involved in the inflammatory response, needs to be understood. The relevance of immunologic molecules that might drive the immune response to a T helper (Th) 1, Th 2 or the recently described Th 17 phenotype, has been demonstrated in animal models and clinical studies with IBD patients. CD and UC predominantly behave with a Th 1 and Th 2 immune phenotype, respectively. Recently, an association between CD and Th 17 has been reported. The knowledge acquired from immunologic and molecular research will help to develop accurate diagnostic methods and efficient therapies (Rev Méd Chile 2008; 136: 367-75). (

Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal a partir de una experiencia local: Experience in 316 patients

“…Su etiología es aún desconocida, pero se cree que la combinación de los cambios ambientales, las variaciones genéticas, las alteraciones de la microbiota intestinal y de la respuesta inmune de estos pacientes podrían influir en conjunto en la etiopatogénesis de esta enfermedad 1,2 . La EII representa un importante problema de salud pública, ya que afecta principalmente a personas jóvenes que se encuentran en una etapa personal y profesional activa, aunque también puede presentarse en los extremos de la vida (población pediátrica y adultos mayores).…”

Colangiocarcinoma associado a Retocolite Ulcerativa: relato de caso e revisão de literatura

“…Essa entidade clínica apresenta distribuição variável no mundo, porém tem-se notado um aumento crescente de sua incidência nos países em desenvolvimento. 6,7,8 Mais da metade dos pacientes acometidos pela RCU apresentam alguma manifestação extra-intestinal, que pode muitas vezes evoluir de forma mais grave que a própria RCU e levar o paciente a óbito. Estudos mostram que dessas manifestações, as mais freqüentes são as articulares, as dermatológicas, as hepato-biliares e as do trato urinário.…”

The *1244 A>G polymorphism of MyD88 (rs7744) is closely associated with susceptibility to ulcerative colitis

“…Lipopolysaccharide signaling is mainly mediated through the cell surface TLRs, which have been shown to be extremely important to gut homeostasis during host-microbial interactions (20,21). TLR-4 plays a significant role in gut innate immunity, protection and is involved in human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including UC (22,23). Cantó et al reported that a marked increase of TNF-α response to TLR2 ligands correlated with a higher TLR2 expression in Crohn's disease and UC patients, indicating that an abnormal mechanism may provide an excess of inflammatory mediators during the active phases of IBDs (24).…”