Energy Incentive for Packet Relay Using Cognitive Radio in IoT Networks

Das, A.; Das, Nabanita; Barman, Abhirup Das; Dhar, Subhankar

doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2923233

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The relay incentive based throughput and delay analysis is missing in this work. Das et al proposed a multi-hop data forwarding algorithm in cognitive radio-based Internet of things (IoT) networks [26]. Intermediate relay nodes are compensated in this letter with energy incentive to overcome energy loss during packet relaying.…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

cDERSA: Cognitive D2D Enabled Relay Selection Algorithm to Mitigate Blind-Spots in 5G Cellular Networks

et al. 2021

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Blind-spots, where wireless signals do not reach within the coverage range, often emerge in a dynamic environment due to obstacles, geographical location or mobility of cellular users (CUs). Thus greatly reducing the overall system performance in terms of coverage and throughput. Relay-aided cognitive Device to Device (cD2D) communication system underlying the 5G cellular network can help mitigate blind-spots. Cognitive capability helps D2D users to acquire the spectrum opportunistically for proximity communication and establish a semi-independent network underlying the 5G network, which not only offloads 5G-New Radio (NR) base station but also enhances the overall system performance. In this work, we have developed a relay-aided cognitive D2D network that helps CUs falling into the blind-spots to retain access to the 5G network and increase wireless coverage. Relay selection requires mutual consent between the relay and the device in the blind-spot. The in-coverage devices are tempted to act as relays through incentive-based mechanism. For enhanced system performance a suitable match among the devices in blind-spots and the relays is required. cD2D enabled relay selection algorithm (cDERSA) is proposed in this work, in which a cognitive D2D user (cDU), which is a CU falling in the blind-spot, establishes a relayed cD2D link to access 5G-NR gNodeB. All cDUs as well as the tempted relays, i.e. cognitive D2D relays (cDRs), first scan their surroundings for devices capable of D2D communication and based on multicriteria objective functions, build a priority table . A stable marriage problem is formulated and solved using a unique, stable, distributed, and efficient matching algorithm based on the Gale-Shapley algorithm. A new incentive mechanism is also developed to keep relays motivated to share their resources. Simulation is performed and their results show improvement in throughput and average user satisfaction, which validates our proposed cDERSA.

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Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

cDERSA: Cognitive D2D Enabled Relay Selection Algorithm to Mitigate Blind-Spots in 5G Cellular Networks

et al. 2021

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“…The works in [83], [81], [84] and [85] proposed ways to motivate relay participation. Table 7 summarizes the approaches used by these works.…”

Section: Incentive-based Relay-enabled Iot Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem of incentive design was reformulated as a contract between the two entities. Through simulations, it was demonstrated in [87] that the effect of not having complete CSI at the DAP can be Transferable Blockchain tokens smart contracts [85] low-power Analysis channel allocation [86] Transferable Nash Bargaining credits mitigated using contract theory. In effect, [87] extended the Stackelberg game for incentive design [83] in IoT networks to capture the case of information asymmetry.…”

Section: Incentive-based Relay-enabled Iot Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reward multihop relay nodes in an IoT network, [85] proposed low-power channel allocation to the relays to compensate for their energy expenditure in forwarding signals for an IoT S-D pair in a linear network. The allocation is done in a manner that ensures equal energy expenditure in all the relay nodes.…”

Section: Incentive-based Relay-enabled Iot Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incentive mechanisms proposed to motivate the participation of relays in IoT networks can be broadly categorized into 1) game theory-based incentive mechanisms such as the Stackelberg game [83], [87] and Nash bargaining [86], 2) auction-based mechanisms [81] and 3) token-based mechanisms [84], [85]. These mechanisms are also either deployed centrally with global knowledge of CSI assumed, or they are distributed, in which case a central entity is assumed to be nonexistent.…”

Section: Key Insightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relaying in the Internet of Things (IoT): A Survey

Uyoata¹,

Mwangama

Adeogun

2021

IEEE Access

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The deployment of relays between Internet of Things (IoT) end devices and gateways can improve link quality. In cellular-based IoT, relays have the potential to reduce base station overload. The energy expended in single-hop long-range communication can be reduced if relays listen to transmissions of end devices and forward these observations to gateways. However, incorporating relays into IoT networks faces some challenges. IoT end devices are designed primarily for uplink communication of small-sized observations toward the network; hence, opportunistically using end devices as relays needs a redesign of both the medium access control (MAC) layer protocol of such end devices and possible addition of new communication interfaces. Additionally, the wake-up time of IoT end devices needs to be synchronized with that of the relays. For cellular-based IoT, the possibility of using infrastructure relays exists, and noncellular IoT networks can leverage the presence of mobile devices for relaying, for example, in remote healthcare. However, the latter presents problems of incentivizing relay participation and managing the mobility of relays. Furthermore, although relays can increase the lifetime of IoT networks, deploying relays implies the need for additional batteries to power them. This can erode the energy efficiency gain that relays offer. Therefore, designing relay-assisted IoT networks that provide acceptable trade-offs is key, and this goes beyond adding an extra transmit RF chain to a relay-enabled IoT end device. There has been increasing research interest in IoT relaying, as demonstrated in the available literature. Works that consider these issues are surveyed in this paper to provide insight into the state of the art, provide design insights for network designers and motivate future research directions.

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Current Research Trends on Cognitive Radio Based Internet of Things (IoT)

Mahmood¹,

Matin²

2020

Internet of Things

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Energy Incentive for Packet Relay Using Cognitive Radio in IoT Networks

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

cDERSA: Cognitive D2D Enabled Relay Selection Algorithm to Mitigate Blind-Spots in 5G Cellular Networks

cDERSA: Cognitive D2D Enabled Relay Selection Algorithm to Mitigate Blind-Spots in 5G Cellular Networks

Relaying in the Internet of Things (IoT): A Survey

Current Research Trends on Cognitive Radio Based Internet of Things (IoT)

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