Energy-Efficient Elastic Optical Interconnect Architecture for Data Centers

Fiorani, Matteo; Aleksić, Slaviša; Casoni, Maurizio; Wosinska, Lena; Chen, J.

doi:10.1109/lcomm.2014.2339322

Cited by 65 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The increase of cost and energy consumption of the architecture is not significant since only one additional EDFA is needed for the whole rack. In a rack hosting 60 servers, the cost increases by only 0.6% and power dissipation increases by only 1% according to the input data from [2,7]. On the other hand, the very bursty traffic in the rack may lead to fast on/off changes in the channels, which potentially may result in power/gain excursion, transmission performance degradation and overload of the receivers.…”

Section: Scalability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They consume a lot of energy and also limit capacity upgrading. Therefore, a coupler-based passive optical interconnect (POI) has been proposed [1][2][3] to replace the commodity switch at ToR, leading to an overall reduction of energy consumption of switching equipment in datacentres by a factor of 10. The gain in energy consumption increases when a higher data rate on a per-server basis is considered [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a coupler-based passive optical interconnect (POI) has been proposed [1][2][3] to replace the commodity switch at ToR, leading to an overall reduction of energy consumption of switching equipment in datacentres by a factor of 10. The gain in energy consumption increases when a higher data rate on a per-server basis is considered [2]. Apart from the advantages of capacity and energy consumption, the coupler-based ToR interconnect can also offer high reliability and cost efficiency [4] thanks to its passive manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from the advantages of capacity and energy consumption, the coupler-based ToR interconnect can also offer high reliability and cost efficiency [4] thanks to its passive manner. However, the design of existing couplerbased POI architectures [1][2][3][4] does not consider the physical layer impairments which may significantly affect the quality of the signals. If the received signal power fails to reach the receiver sensitivity threshold, the transmitted data cannot be detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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To Overcome the Scalability Limitation of Passive Optical Interconnects in Datacentres

Lin

Szczerba

Agrell

et al. 2016

Asia Communications and Photonics Conference 2016

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Abstract:We propose to add optical amplifier(s) to passive optical interconnect (POI) at top-of-rack in datacentres and validate this approach by introducing impairment constraints into POIs design. It is shown that one amplifier can improve scalability by a factor of 16. IntroductionThe volume of datacentre traffic is ever-growing, causing a serious bottleneck in terms of bandwidth and energy consumption. To address this problem, optical communication and switching techniques are introduced in datacentres. However, commodity switches are still widely used at the top-of-rack (ToR). They consume a lot of energy and also limit capacity upgrading. Therefore, a coupler-based passive optical interconnect (POI) has been proposed [1-3] to replace the commodity switch at ToR, leading to an overall reduction of energy consumption of switching equipment in datacentres by a factor of 10. The gain in energy consumption increases when a higher data rate on a per-server basis is considered [2]. Apart from the advantages of capacity and energy consumption, the coupler-based ToR interconnect can also offer high reliability and cost efficiency [4] thanks to its passive manner. However, the design of existing couplerbased POI architectures [1-4] does not consider the physical layer impairments which may significantly affect the quality of the signals. If the received signal power fails to reach the receiver sensitivity threshold, the transmitted data cannot be detected. As a result, the reserved resources are wasted. Therefore, it is of key importance to take the physical layer impairments into account and analyze their impact on the feasibility of the POI architectures. In this paper, we focus on the intra-rack communications. A thorough analysis of physical layer impairments is carried out considering the coupler-based POI at ToR in order to quantify its scalability. It has been shown that with introduction of an optical amplifier to increase the optical power budget, the interconnect size can be increased by a factor of more than 10, making it possible to meet the scalability requirement at ToR [5]. Passive optical interconnect architectureThe authors of [2,4] proposed a POI architecture based on an Nx2 coupler, as shown in Fig. 1(a). It takes advantage of the high capacity of the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technique and the broadcast-and-select nature of optical couplers to handle the bursty and multicast traffic in datacentres. In this approach, the optical network interfaces (ONIs) are dedicated to each server and connected to the side of the coupler with N ports. The transmitted signals pass through the coupler and are selected by a wavelength selective switch (WSS) according to whether the destination is inside or outside the rack. For the intra-rack traffic (see the red arrow in Fig. 1), the signals are looped back via an isolator (ISO) to the coupler and broadcast to all the servers. The optical tunable filter (OTF) at the receiver selects the wavelength of interests and the signal is detected by a p...

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Section: Scalability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

To Overcome the Scalability Limitation of Passive Optical Interconnects in Datacentres

Lin

Szczerba

Agrell

et al. 2016

Asia Communications and Photonics Conference 2016

Self Cite

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“…In [3] and [8] several passive optical interconnects for the edge tier of data center networks have been presented showing that by replacing the electronic ToR switches with passive optical components it is possible to significantly reduce the overall energy consumption while offering high capacity interconnection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reliable and Cost Efficient Passive Optical Interconnects for Data Centers

et al. 2015

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i‐WABA: An efficient wavelengths arrangement and bandwidth allocationWDMAprotocol for passive optical intra‐rack data center networks

Baziana

2022

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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In this article, we effectively handle the continuously growing traffic within data centers (DCs) and we focus on the intra-rack communication. We propose a passive optical intra-rack DC network (DCN) that uses a set of wavelengths for the data intra-rack communication and a separate control wavelength for pre-transmission coordination. We introduce a distributed access control scheme, named intra-rack wavelengths arrangement and bandwidth allocation (i-WABA) protocol, to effectively arrange the data wavelengths into groups and efficiently allocate them among the servers for transmission, avoiding synchronization complexity. The proposed i-WABA protocol ensures the collisions-free transmission over the data wavelengths and at destination achieving high performance, scalability, and reliability. In opposition to the majority of the state-of-the-art intra-rack MAC protocols that adopt synchronous transmission requiring strict time compliance, the proposed i-WABA protocol is unslotted providing simple and reliable access control even under high data rates. Moreover, unlike other studies that assume that the control communication is performed over an Ethernet link, the proposed intra-rack DCN considers that it is performed in the optical domain, ensuring its effective parallel operation to the data communication. The throughput improvement is extensively studied and it is proven to be an increasing function of the number of data wavelengths groups.Finally, the proposed intra-rack DCN along with the proposed i-WABA protocol is compared with other state-of-the-art intra-rack DCNs in terms of throughput, power consumption, and cost, while it is proven to be a performance, energy, and cost efficient DCN solution.

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Energy-Efficient Elastic Optical Interconnect Architecture for Data Centers

Cited by 65 publications

References 8 publications

To Overcome the Scalability Limitation of Passive Optical Interconnects in Datacentres

To Overcome the Scalability Limitation of Passive Optical Interconnects in Datacentres

Reliable and Cost Efficient Passive Optical Interconnects for Data Centers

i‐WABA: An efficient wavelengths arrangement and bandwidth allocationWDMAprotocol for passive optical intra‐rack data center networks

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