Energy-efficient distributed heterogeneous clustered spectrum-aware cognitive radio sensor network for guaranteed quality of service in smart grid

Abstract

The development of a modern electric power grid has triggered the need for large-scale monitoring and communication in smart grids for efficient grid automation. This has led to the development of smart grids, which utilize cognitive radio sensor networks, which are combinations of cognitive radios and wireless sensor networks. Cognitive radio sensor networks can overcome spectrum limitations and interference challenges. The implementation of dense cognitive radio sensor networks, based on the specific topology of smart grids, is one of the critical issues for guaranteed quality of service through a communication network. In this article, various topologies of ZigBee cognitive radio sensor networks are investigated. Suitable topologies with energy-efficient spectrum-aware algorithms of ZigBee cognitive radio sensor networks in smart grids are proposed. The performance of the proposed ZigBee cognitive radio sensor network model with its control algorithms is analyzed and compared with existing ZigBee sensor network topologies within the smart grid environment. The quality of service metrics used for evaluating the performance are the end-to-end delay, bit error rate, and energy consumption. The simulation results confirm that the proposed topology model is preferable for sensor network deployment in smart grids based on reduced bit error rate, end-to-end delay (latency), and energy consumption. Smart grid applications require prompt, reliable, and efficient communication with low latency. Hence, the proposed topology model supports heterogeneous cognitive radio sensor networks and guarantees network connectivity with spectrum-awareness. Hence, it is suitable for efficient grid automation in cognitive radio sensor network–based smart grids. The traditional model lacks these capability features.

A Survey on 5G and LPWAN-IoT for Improved Smart Cities and Remote Area Applications: From the Aspect of Architecture and Security

“…However, the mesh topology has higher complexity and energy consumption with minimal delay. Detailed discussions on the network topologies including their merits and demerits can be found in [40][41][42].…”

“…In rural or open space setting the connectivity, the range is over 40 km. However, only 140 uplink messages with a payload of 12 bytes and up to 4 downlink messages with each a payload of 8 bytes per day can be communicated through Sigfox [41]. Sigfox network reliability can be improved by using a time and frequency variation strategy with multiple transmissions [45].…”

Analysis of Smart Grid Using Multimedia Sensor Networks with Effective Resource Allocation

“…Even though high effective measures and resources are allocated for converting the grid to be smart, only few researchers have addressed the problem in a precise way . In recent networking structure [34,35], research gap on smart grid networks with high cost of installation is observed, and in other developed models, a crucial task on minimization of power with better quality of service with constraints such as distortion and transmission delivery rates has not been solved in an accurate manner. However, all the procedures enumerated grieves from any one drawback.…”

“…e primary objective on minimizing the total power that is consumed by each node can be calculated by optimizing the transmitted and encoded power in addition to source rate at each node. Also, high quality of video can only be achieved if the power consumption is increased at all corresponding nodes, which is not discussed and calculated in [34]. e objective of power minimization is given in:…”

“…Ultimately, for significant dynamic range metrics has been assessed in perceptual quality by compressing intensity with individual counting for proportions that are paired. In current generation, a new cognitive model has been designed as an alternative of sensor networks as handheld remote operations can be assured [34]. In the abovementioned model, a Zigbee technology is integrated with high control mechanisms using distinct algorithms where high quality of service is attained.…”