Energy and Environment Assessment of Agricultural Application of Power Generating Sources

Introduction. Greenhouse lighting systems are an integral part of the system for growing plants in cultivation facilities with an artificial microclimate. The uniformity of light distribution over the growing area is important to increase energy efficiency and improve plant quality, among other requirements. The aim of the work is to consider the mathematical apparatus for describing the distribution of light over the surface and to justify the choice of ways to characterize the degree of lighting uniformity. Materials and Methods. The basic concepts of the subject area such as lighting, lighting body, horizontal lighting curve, luminous intensity curve are considered in terms of theoretical photometry. To assess the energy and ecological friendliness of the greenhouse horticulture, the lighting efficiency factor was used. Various methods for determining the average lighting value are presented. The formulas for the uniformity coefficients are presented. Experimental verification was carried out on a horizontal plane simulating a surface for growing plants. A luminary with a round-symmetric light distribution was used. Results. It has been found that the lighting values calculated by the proposed method at various points of the illuminated surface correspond to the experimentally obtained values. It has been shown that the coefficient taking into account the pattern of lighting distribution over all points of the surface carries a lot of information about the uniformity. A frequency graph for the lighting distribution value has been constructed and its practical applicability has been substantiated. The relationship between the lighting efficiency and uniformity of the generated lighting has been revealed. With reduced suspension height of the luminary, it is possible to increase significantly the lighting efficiency factor, however, the lighting uniformity deteriorates sharply. Discussion and Conclusion. There is proposed a method for assessing the energy efficiency by the lighting efficiency factor, which determines the proportion of the useful lighting falling on the surface in the total lighting generated by light sources. It is suggested that this indicator can characterize the ecological quality of photoculture, since it has been established its relationship with the uniformity of the created lighting, the impact of which on photoculture is described in the literature.

Section: обзор литературыunclassified

Assessment of Lighting Uniformity as a Factor of Energy Efficiency in Greenhouse Horticulture

Ракутько

2021

Conceptual Model of Energy Efficiency for Environmentally Safe Utilization of Liquid Pig Manure

Бышов

Uspensky

Yukhin

et al. 2020

Introduction. The growth of production capacity of livestock enterprises results in increased environmental pressures on bio- and agrocenoses, created by potential energy carriers, one of which is liquid pig manure. Representative parameters, which characterize the energy value, are the total content of nitrogen and its various forms N2 = 3...8 kg/m3; phosphorus oxide P2O5 = 3...6 kg/m3; potassium oxide K2O = 2...4 kg/m3; chemical oxygen consumption to the mass of organic matter 1.2, biochemical 0.42. In parallel, the groups of Escherichia coli, staphylococci, enterococci, aerobic spore-forming microorganisms, various forms of eggs, protozoan cysts and Eimeria oocysts are also the environmental burden. In addition, the physical and rheological properties of liquid manure can have a significant impact on energy efficiency and the way of its further utilization. In terms of agricultural chemistry, the most rational option for its utilization is fractional use in the form of organic fertilizer that is possible only under the conditions of sanitary and epidemiological safety, which is an energy-intensive process depending on various factors. The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model of the energy efficiency of operational impacts in obtaining an environmentally safe cycle of utilizing liquid pig manure. Materials and Methods. The object of the study is the operational impacts in obtaining an environmentally safe cycle of utilizing liquid pig manure; the subject is the function of maximizing the energy efficiency of this object under the conditions of sanitary-epidemiological and agrochemical restrictions. There is conducted the analysis of factors and their categorization depending on the type of functional impact. Results. A conceptual model of operational impacts in producing environmentally safe liquid pig manure has been developed, which determines the components of specific energy consumption, the factors affecting them, and the restrictions imposed on them. This model is the source data for the factor analysis and statistical models. Discussion and Conclusion. The practical significance of the work is the identification and categorization of factors depending on the type of functional impact on the operations of the preparatory cycle of ecologically safe utilization of pig manure that can provide initial data for developing specific research methods and statistical models.

A Forecast Model of the Complex Negative Impact of Agricultural Production Technologies on Water Bodies

Subbotin

Vasilev

2021

Self Cite

Introduction. The purpose of research is to develop a mathematical model for assessing and forecasting the complex negative impacts of agricultural technologies on water bodies. This problem is relevant because of the need to enlarge agricultural enterprises. The created model for forecasting is necessary to make an objective assessment, taking into account the complex effect of machine technologies applied to agricultural production and all biogenic elements that have a negative impact on water bodies. Materials and Methods. There was used the Spesivtsev – Drozdov method of logical-linguistic modeling, which allows giving expert knowledge a form mathematical model. Four experts were interviewed, and the obtained data became a subject of the regression analysis. The adequacy of the model was confirmed using the coefficient of determination and Fisher’s test. Results. A hierarchical system of 6 factors and 14 sub-factors was formed, including both the applied machine technologies and the management decisions on the matter. There was created a model containing a polynomial equation reflecting the influence of factors on the level of negative impact of technologies and equations that determine the influence of sub-factors on factors. Discussion and Conclusion. The created model can be used for practical purposes to support making decisions for planning, forecasting and selecting scenarios to modernize agricultural enterprises. The model equations make it possible to understand the significance of factors and sub-factors affecting the level of negative impact (diffuse load) on water bodies. This allows us to choose more effective ways to reduce the negative impact by choosing the most significant factors and/or sub-factors as objects of management.