Energetics and Nutrition of Molt

Murphy, Mary E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0425-8_6

Cited by 193 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…Even if the metabolic costs of producing a feather were relatively low (Ankney, 1984;Murphy and King, 1986;Buttemer et al, 2003;Hoye and Buttemer, 2011), the total amount of energy required during the molting period is expected to be increased because of a combination of protein requirements for feather synthesis and increased costs of flying (Murphy and King, 1992;Lindström et al, 1993;Murphy and Taruscio, 1995;Schieltz and Murphy, 1995;Murphy, 1996;Swaddle and Witter, 1997;Fox et al, 2008;Strochlic and Romero, 2008). Indeed, even though zebra finches in our study reduced feather growth rate quite dramatically and slightly reduced aspects of molt intensity during the overlap, they also increased their feeding rate by as much as 80% and lowered preening by approximately 70% compared with individuals that only molted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molt–breeding overlap alters molt dynamics and behavior in zebra finches,Taeniopygia guttata castanotis

Echeverry‐Galvis

Hau

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYCostly events in the life history cycle of organisms such as reproduction, migration and pelage/plumage replacement are typically separated in time to maximize their outcome. Such temporal separation is thought to be necessitated by energetical trade-offs, and mediated through physiological processes. However, certain species, such as tropical birds, are able to overlap two costly life history stages: reproduction and feather replacement. It has remained unclear how both events progress when they co-occur over extended periods of time. Here we determined the consequences and potential costs of such overlap by comparing molt and behavioral patterns in both sexes of captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis) that were solely molting or were overlapping breeding and molt. Individuals overlapping the early stages of breeding with molt showed a roughly 40% decrease in the growth rate of individual feathers compared with birds that were molting but not breeding. Further, individuals that overlapped breeding and molt tended to molt fewer feathers simultaneously and exhibited longer intervals between shedding consecutive feathers on the tail or the same wing as well as delays in shedding corresponding flight feathers on opposite sides. Overlapping individuals also altered their time budgets: they devoted more than twice the time to feeding while halving the time spent for feather care in comparison to molt-only individuals. These data provide experimental support for the previously untested hypothesis that when molt and reproduction overlap in time, feather replacement will occur at a slower and less intense rate. There were no sex differences in any of the variables assessed, except for a tendency in females to decline body condition more strongly over time during the overlap than males. Our data indicate the existence of major consequences of overlapping breeding and molt, manifested in changes in both molt dynamics and time budgets of both sexes. It is likely that under harsher conditions in natural environments such consequences will be more severe and may result in fitness consequences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molt–breeding overlap alters molt dynamics and behavior in zebra finches,Taeniopygia guttata castanotis

Echeverry‐Galvis

Hau

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Rubolini et al, 2002;Echeverry-Galvis and Hau, 2013;Saino et al, 2014). Energy is required for feather keratin and pigment synthesis, for buffering the temporary loss of insulation during body feather replacement, and (in the case of flight feather moult) to compensate for the reduced foraging efficiency due to impaired mobility (Murphy, 1996). Moreover, incorporation of melanin pigments into feathers requires lowered circulating GSH levels (Galván and Alonso-Alvarez, 2008).…”

Section: Moult Oxidative Status and Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary flavonoids advance timing of moult but do not affect redox status of juvenile blackbirds (Turdus merula)

Cecere

Caprioli

Carnevali

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Flavonoids are the most abundant plant polyphenols, widely occurring in fruits and berries, and show a strong antioxidant activity in vitro. Studies of avian species feeding on berries suggest that dietary flavonoids have health-promoting effects and may enhance the expression of melanin-based plumage traits. These effects are probably mediated by the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. However, the effect of dietary flavonoids on oxidative status has never been investigated in any bird species. We analysed the effects of dietary flavonoids on blood non-enzymatic antioxidants and protein oxidative damage of juvenile European blackbirds (Turdus merula). In addition, we analysed the effects of flavonoid-enriched diet on body condition and on the timing of moult from juvenile to adult plumage. Dietary flavonoids did not significantly affect redox status but significantly advanced the onset of moult, hastening plumage development. Moulting birds showed higher protein oxidative damage compared with those that had not yet started moulting. The probability of initiating moult after 40 days of dietary treatment was higher for birds with low circulating levels of oxidizing agents and high glutathione concentration. The metabolization of flavonoids could have altered their redox potential, resulting in no net effects on redox status. However, flavonoid consumption before and during moult may contribute to enhance plumage development. Moreover, our findings suggest that moulting feathers may result in redox imbalance. Given their effect on moult and growth of melanin-rich feathers, fruit flavonoids may have contributed to shape plant fruiting time in relation to fruit consumption preferences by birds.

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“…Both females had started moulting and were replacing primaries 1 -3, but retained all of their old rectrices. Overlap of moult with caring for a brood must impose a considerable energetic stress on these adults that may reduce their survival (Murphy, 1996;Hemborg and Lundberg, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Brooding by the Northern Wheatear on Baffin Island

Hussell¹,

Bairlein²,

Dunn³

2014

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Most Arctic-breeding passerines raise a single brood in a season, presumably because the short Arctic summer does not provide sufficient time to raise a second brood. Here we document the first cases of two broods being raised or attempted, after successful fledging of a first brood, in an Arctic-breeding population of Northern Wheatears Oenanthe oenanthe, at Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada, in 2010 and 2011. In one case, the same pair was involved in raising both broods. In a second case, the female that raised the first brood was mated to a different male for her second brood. In a third case, it was not known whether the same male was involved in a female's attempt to raise two broods. The three females that attempted to raise two broods started their first clutches four to six days earlier than the estimated median date of laying first eggs and represented about 6% of all females in the study population. Potential constraints on raising two broods include not only the shortness of the summer season but also the nature and abundance of the food supply, trade-offs between the success of the first brood and that of the second brood, and effects of the one-and two-brood strategies on the survival and future reproductive output of the adults.Key words: second brood, Northern Wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe, Arctic passerine, life-history theory RÉSUMÉ. La plupart des passereaux nicheurs de l'Arctique n'élèvent qu'une nichée par saison, vraisemblablement parce l'été est trop court dans l'Arctique, ce qui ne laisse pas de temps pour une deuxième nichée. Ici, nous décrivons les premiers cas pour lesquels deux nichées ont été élevées ou tentées d'être élevées, après le succès d'envol de la première nichée chez une population de traquets motteux (Oenanthe oenanthe) nichant dans l'Arctique, à Iqaluit, au Nunavut, Canada, en 2010 et en 2011. Dans un des cas, le même couple d'oiseaux a élevé les deux nichées. Dans un deuxième cas, la femelle qui a élevé la première nichée a eu sa deuxième nichée avec un autre mâle. Dans un troisième cas, nous ne savons pas si le mâle était le même pour les deux nichées. Les trois femelles qui ont essayé d'élever deux nichées ont fait leur première ponte de quatre à six jours plus tôt que la date médiane estimée de ponte des premiers oeufs, ce qui a représenté environ 6 % de toutes les femelles à l'étude. Parmi les contraintes auxquelles font face les femelles qui tentent d'élever deux nichées, notons non seulement les courts étés, mais aussi la nature et l'abondance des approvisionnements alimentaires, les concessions mutuelles entre le succès de la première nichée et celui de la deuxième nichée, et les effets des stratégies d'une nichée ou de deux nichées sur la survie et l'efficacité de la reproduction future des adultes.Mots clés : deuxième nichée, traquet motteux, Oenanthe oenanthe, passereau de l'Arctique, théorie du cycle biologique Traduit pour la revue Arctic par Nicole Giguère.

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Energetics and Nutrition of Molt

Cited by 193 publications

References 208 publications

Molt–breeding overlap alters molt dynamics and behavior in zebra finches,Taeniopygia guttata castanotis

Molt–breeding overlap alters molt dynamics and behavior in zebra finches,Taeniopygia guttata castanotis

Dietary flavonoids advance timing of moult but do not affect redox status of juvenile blackbirds (Turdus merula)

Double Brooding by the Northern Wheatear on Baffin Island

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