Endpoints of spermatotoxicity in the rat after short duration exposures to fourteen reproductive toxicants

Linder, Ralph E.; Strader, Lillian F.; Slott, Valerie L.; Suarez, Juan D.

doi:10.1016/0890-6238(92)90034-q

Cited by 167 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Studies of the potential for reproductive effects of n-hexane were similar to the results of the studies of commercial hexane. There were no effects on fertility (Marks et al 1980, Mast et al 1988c or sperm morphology (DeMartino et al 1987, Linder et al 1992, Mast et al 1988b). …”

Section: Reproductive Toxicity Studies Of N-hexanementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

McKee

Adenuga

Carrillo

2015

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions derived from petroleum processing streams, containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, with carbon numbers ranging from approximately C5-C20 and boiling between approximately 35-370°C. Many of the hydrocarbon solvents have complex and variable compositions with constituents of 4 types, alkanes (normal paraffins, isoparaffins, and cycloparaffins) and aromatics (primarily alkylated one-and tworing species). Because of the compositional complexity, hydrocarbon solvents are now identified by a nomenclature ("the naming convention") that describes them in terms of physical/ chemical properties and compositional elements. Despite the compositional complexity, most hydrocarbon solvent constituents have similar toxicological properties, and the overall toxicological hazards can be characterized in generic terms. To facilitate hazard characterization, the solvents were divided into 9 groups (categories) of substances with similar physical and chemical properties. Hydrocarbon solvents can cause chemical pneumonitis if aspirated into the lung, and those that are volatile can cause acute CNS effects and/or ocular and respiratory irritation at exposure levels exceeding occupational recommendations. Otherwise, there are few toxicologically important effects. The exceptions, n-hexane and naphthalene, have unique toxicological properties, and those solvents containing constituents for which classification is required under the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) are differentiated by the substance names. Toxicological information from studies of representative substances was used to fulfill REACH registration requirements and to satisfy the needs of the OECD High Production Volume (HPV) initiative. As shown in the examples provided, the hazard characterization data can be used for hazard classification and for occupational exposure limit recommendations. Introduction Scope and purpose of the documentThe present document summarizes information on the physical/ chemical properties and toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents and provides examples of the ways in which the information on hazard characterization can be used for hazard classification and to set occupational exposure limits. Many of the toxicological studies were published separately, but the results are summarized herein and referenced in the appendices.Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions that are primarily produced by the distillation of petroleum feed stocks or their synthetic analogs (e.g., Fischer-Tropsch derived materials), sometimes followed by additional processing steps such as solvent extraction, hydrodesulfurization, or hydrogenation. 1 Most hydrocarbon solvents are complex substances with variable compositions and are best described as UVCB 2 (unknown and variable composition) substances, but some are single constituent (mono-constituent) substances. The complex and variable nature of these solvents is the consequence of their manufacturing processes. In short, most hydroca...

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Section: Reproductive Toxicity Studies Of N-hexanementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

McKee

Adenuga

Carrillo

2015

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…wywierał gonadotoksyczne działanie u szczurów rasy Sprague-Dawley, wyrażone brakiem spermatocytów w różnych stadiach spermatogenezy oraz spadkiem masy prostaty [20].…”

Section: Wyniki Przegląduunclassified

Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol ethers – Reproductive and developmental toxicity

Starek‐Świechowicz

Stárek

2015

Med Pr

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StreszczenieEtery alkilowe glikolu etylenowego (ethylene glycol alkyl ethers -EGAE) i propylenowego (propylene glycol alkyl ethers -PGAE) są szeroko stosowane w przemyśle i gospodarstwie domowym, głównie jako rozpuszczalniki. Niektóre EGAE wykazują działanie gonadotoksyczne, embriotoksyczne, fetotoksyczne i teratogenne zarówno u ludzi, jak i zwierząt doświadczalnych. Ze względu na szkodliwe działanie tych eterów na rozrodczość i rozwój organizmu EGAE są zastępowane znacznie mniej toksycznymi PGAE. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono dane na temat mechanizmów toksycznego działania EGAE na komórki rozrodcze, zarodek i płód. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na metabolizm niektórych EGAEs i ich toksyczność narządową, a także na apoptozę spermatocytów związaną ze zmianami ekspresji genów, które kodują czynniki stresu oksydacyjnego, kinazy białkowe i jądrowe receptory hormonów. Med. Pr. 2015;66(5):725-737Słowa kluczowe: etery glikolu etylenowego, etery glikolu propylenowego, toksyczność rozwojowa, mechanizmy toksyczności, toksyczność reprodukcyjna, apoptoza AbstractBoth ethylene and propylene glycol alkyl ethers (EGAEs and PGAEs, respectively) are widely used, mainly as solvents, in industrial and household products. Some EGAEs demonstrate gonadotoxic, embriotoxic, fetotoxic and teratogenic effects in both humans and experimental animals. Due to the noxious impact of these ethers on reproduction and development of organisms EGAEs are replaced for considerably less toxic PGAEs. The data on the mechanisms of testicular, embriotoxic, fetotoxic and teratogenic effects of EGAEs are presented in this paper. Our particular attention was focused on the metabolism of some EGAEs and their organ-specific toxicities, apoptosis of spermatocytes associated with changes in the expression of various genes that code for oxidative stress factors, protein kinases and nuclear hormone receptors. WSTĘPEtery alkilowe glikolu etylenowego (ethylene glycol alkyl ethers -EGAE) i propylenowego (propylene glycol alkyl ethers -PGAE) są produktami addycji odpowiednio tlenku etylenu i tlenku propylenu z pierwszorzędo-wymi alkoholami alifatycznymi. Reakcje te przebiegają w warunkach podwyższonego ciśnienia i temperatury oraz w obecności katalizatora. Ponieważ w tych reakcjach dochodzi także do procesu poliaddycji tlenków alkilowych, oprócz eterów monoetylenowych i monopropylenowych powstają również odpowiednie dii trietery o większych masach cząsteczkowych i mniejszej lotności od monomerów. Związki te umownie nazwano eterami serii E i serii P [1].Do eterów glikolowych serii E należą m.in.: n metoksyetanol (ethylene glycol methyl ether -EGME) (numer CAS: 109-86-4), n etoksyetanol (ethylene glycol ethyl ether -EGEE) (110-80-5), n butoksyetanol (ethylene glycol butyl ether -EGBE) (111-76-2), n metoksydietanol (diethylene glycol methyl ether -DEGME) (111-77-3), n etoksydietanol (diethylene glycol ethyl ether -DEGEE) (111-90-0),

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“…Two hundred spermatozoa in each sample were examined for head, neck and tail morphological abnormalities (Linder et al, 1992). For the classification of sperm morphological abnormalities, Yoshizaki's classification (Yoshizaki et al, 1999) was slightly modified and classified as follows: 1) tailless sperm, 2) no-hook head sperm, 3) amorphous head sperm, 4) sperm with neck abnormalities, 5) sperm with tail abnormalities and 6) other abnormal sperm.…”

Section: Morphological Examination Of Spermmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of male sexual maturity of reproductive endpoints relevant to DART studies in Wistar Hannover rats

et al. 2014

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-Wistar Hannover rats have been utilized as one of major strains in regulatory toxicology studies. This study was performed to verify the appropriate age of male sexual maturity in the development and reproductive toxicity (DART) study in Wistar Hannover rats (RccHan:WIST) by comparing reproductive endpoints between 8, 10 and 12 weeks of ages. Although fertility showed a tendency toward decrease in 8-week-old males, copulation index was not different among three ages. Testis weights reached a plateau at 10 weeks of age, whereas weights of other reproductive organs developed until 12 weeks of age. Indices of spermatogenesis (sperm motility, number of sperm in the epididymis and testis and contents of morphologically abnormal sperm) showed age-related progress and did not fully develop except for 12-week-old. For histology, epididymal tubules in 8-week-old animals showed immaturity with tall epithelium. At cesarean section, dams mated with 8-week-old males showed high incidence of preimplantation loss and the number of live fetuses was less than 10. In conclusion, although reproductive performance attained maturity by age of 10 weeks, spermatogenesis was not fully established at 10-weekold, which could result in a low fertility index. Therefore, we recommend that Wistar Hannover male rats at 12-week-old or older are used to conduct DART study properly and evaluate any adverse effects on dams and embryo-fetal development.

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Endpoints of spermatotoxicity in the rat after short duration exposures to fourteen reproductive toxicants

Cited by 167 publications

References 40 publications

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol ethers – Reproductive and developmental toxicity

Effects of male sexual maturity of reproductive endpoints relevant to DART studies in Wistar Hannover rats

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