Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension

An integrative review of systematic reviews related to the management of breathlessness in respiratory illnesses

“…Three reviews were considered from the Cochrane Database [ 176 - 178 ]. All included data on breathlessness.…”

“…All included data on breathlessness. Liu & Chen [ 176 ] reviewed five trials that evaluated endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), finding that, in conjunction with conventional therapy, their use improved Borg dyspnoea scores and exercise capacity amongst patients with idiopathic PAH. Paramothayan et al [ 177 ] reviewed nine trials that considered the effects of prostacyclin with conventional therapy, identifying some short-term benefits (e.g.…”

An integrative review of systematic reviews related to the management of breathlessness in respiratory illnesses

“…Three reviews were considered from the Cochrane Database [ 176 - 178 ]. All included data on breathlessness.…”

“…All included data on breathlessness. Liu & Chen [ 176 ] reviewed five trials that evaluated endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), finding that, in conjunction with conventional therapy, their use improved Borg dyspnoea scores and exercise capacity amongst patients with idiopathic PAH. Paramothayan et al [ 177 ] reviewed nine trials that considered the effects of prostacyclin with conventional therapy, identifying some short-term benefits (e.g.…”

Successful Treatment of Peripartum Massive Pulmonary Embolism with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Catheter-Directed Pulmonary Thrombolytic Therapy

“…The non-selective endothelinreceptor antagonists, such as bosentan, are generally contraindicated during pregnancy, but may play an important role post-delivery 7 . A meta-analysis of five randomised trials evaluated the use of endothelinreceptor antagonists on ambulant patients with pulmonary hypertension and showed beneficial effects on exercise capacity, dyspnoea and haemodynamic parameters such as cardiac index and pulmonary vascular resistance 28 . Intravenous epoprostenol has also been widely evaluated in patients with pulmonary hypertension [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] .…”

Current management of pulmonary arterial hypertension

“…Selective blocking of the endothelin receptor A (ETA) can be obtained with ambrisentan and dual blocking of the endothelin receptors A and B (ETA/B) with bosentan or macitentan, which are all oral drugs. Ambrisentan and bosentan were licensed on the basis of 12-16 weeks randomised placebo-controlled trials demonstrating improvements in exercise capacity as measured by the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) (placebo-controlled increase by 31-76 m) [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Although the 6MWD can be considered as a predictor of clinical stability and mortality in PAH [48], its relevance to long-term clinical outcome is questionable.…”

An integrative review of systematic reviews related to the management of breathlessness in respiratory illnesses

“…Three reviews were considered from the Cochrane Database [ 176 - 178 ]. All included data on breathlessness.…”

“…All included data on breathlessness. Liu & Chen [ 176 ] reviewed five trials that evaluated endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), finding that, in conjunction with conventional therapy, their use improved Borg dyspnoea scores and exercise capacity amongst patients with idiopathic PAH. Paramothayan et al [ 177 ] reviewed nine trials that considered the effects of prostacyclin with conventional therapy, identifying some short-term benefits (e.g.…”

Successful Treatment of Peripartum Massive Pulmonary Embolism with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Catheter-Directed Pulmonary Thrombolytic Therapy

“…The non-selective endothelinreceptor antagonists, such as bosentan, are generally contraindicated during pregnancy, but may play an important role post-delivery 7 . A meta-analysis of five randomised trials evaluated the use of endothelinreceptor antagonists on ambulant patients with pulmonary hypertension and showed beneficial effects on exercise capacity, dyspnoea and haemodynamic parameters such as cardiac index and pulmonary vascular resistance 28 . Intravenous epoprostenol has also been widely evaluated in patients with pulmonary hypertension [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] .…”

Current management of pulmonary arterial hypertension

“…Selective blocking of the endothelin receptor A (ETA) can be obtained with ambrisentan and dual blocking of the endothelin receptors A and B (ETA/B) with bosentan or macitentan, which are all oral drugs. Ambrisentan and bosentan were licensed on the basis of 12-16 weeks randomised placebo-controlled trials demonstrating improvements in exercise capacity as measured by the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) (placebo-controlled increase by 31-76 m) [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Although the 6MWD can be considered as a predictor of clinical stability and mortality in PAH [48], its relevance to long-term clinical outcome is questionable.…”

An integrative review of systematic reviews related to the management of breathlessness in respiratory illnesses

“…Three reviews were considered from the Cochrane Database [ 176 - 178 ]. All included data on breathlessness.…”

“…All included data on breathlessness. Liu & Chen [ 176 ] reviewed five trials that evaluated endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), finding that, in conjunction with conventional therapy, their use improved Borg dyspnoea scores and exercise capacity amongst patients with idiopathic PAH. Paramothayan et al [ 177 ] reviewed nine trials that considered the effects of prostacyclin with conventional therapy, identifying some short-term benefits (e.g.…”

Successful Treatment of Peripartum Massive Pulmonary Embolism with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Catheter-Directed Pulmonary Thrombolytic Therapy

“…The non-selective endothelinreceptor antagonists, such as bosentan, are generally contraindicated during pregnancy, but may play an important role post-delivery 7 . A meta-analysis of five randomised trials evaluated the use of endothelinreceptor antagonists on ambulant patients with pulmonary hypertension and showed beneficial effects on exercise capacity, dyspnoea and haemodynamic parameters such as cardiac index and pulmonary vascular resistance 28 . Intravenous epoprostenol has also been widely evaluated in patients with pulmonary hypertension [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] .…”

Current management of pulmonary arterial hypertension

“…Selective blocking of the endothelin receptor A (ETA) can be obtained with ambrisentan and dual blocking of the endothelin receptors A and B (ETA/B) with bosentan or macitentan, which are all oral drugs. Ambrisentan and bosentan were licensed on the basis of 12-16 weeks randomised placebo-controlled trials demonstrating improvements in exercise capacity as measured by the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) (placebo-controlled increase by 31-76 m) [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Although the 6MWD can be considered as a predictor of clinical stability and mortality in PAH [48], its relevance to long-term clinical outcome is questionable.…”